“Behold! I taught you the Book and Wisdom, the Torah and the Gospel…” (Qur’an 5:113-114)
The prophet of Allah (saws) said “O community of Muslims, roll up your sleeves, for the matter is momentous. Prepare for an imminent journey. Garner provision now as the journey is long. Lighten your loads, for before you is an ascent most steep! Only those traveling lightly shall bear its climb. O humanity, before the Hour comes, you will see wonders, vast tribulations, and difficult times. Darkness will prevail, and foulness will take the forefront. Those who enjoin right will be oppressed, and those who condemn vice will be suppressed. Hence, strengthen your faith for that time, and cling to faith as you would clench on for dear life. Flee to righteous deeds, and force yourselves to perform them. Be patient during the difficult times, and you will eventually arrive to eternal bliss.”
(حديث مرفوع) عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : ” يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ شَمِّرُوا فَإِنَّ الأَمْرَ جَدٌّ ، وَتَأَهَّبُوا فَإِنَّ الرَّحِيلَ قَرِيبٌ ، وَتَزَوَّدُوا فَإِنَّ السَّفَرَ بَعِيدٌ ، وَخَفِّفُوا أَثْقَالَكُمْ فَإِنَّ وَرَاءَكُمْ عَقَبَةً كَئُودًا لا يَقْطَعُهَا إِلا الْمُخَفِّفُونَ ، إِنَّ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ السَّاعَةِ أُمُورًا شُدُدًا ، وَأَهْوَالا عِظَامًا ، وَزَمَانًا صَعْبًا يَتَمَلَّكُ فِيهِ الظَّلَمَةُ ، وَيَتَصَدَّرُ فِيهِ الْفَسَقَةُ ، فَيُضْطَهَدُ فِيهِ الآمِرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيُضَامُ النَّاهُونَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ ، فَأَعِدُّوا لَذَلِكَ الإِيمَانَ بِاللَّهِ ، وَالْجَئُوا إِلَى صَالِحِ الْعَمَلِ وَأَكْرِهُوا عَلَيْهِ النُّفُوسَ ، وَاصْبِرُوا عَلَى الضَّرَّاءِ تُفْضُوا إِلَى النَّعِيمِ الدَّائِمِ ”
(Taken from: A Sermon from The Mercy to All the Worlds (s), Translated by Hamza Yusuf.)
Allah’s messenger (saws) said “You will indeed follow the ways of those before you, hand span by hand span, and an arms length after another. Even if they enter into a lizards hole, you will follow them.” We asked, “Is it the Jews and Christians?” He (saws) replied, “Who else!” (Bukhari).
Allah’s Apostle said, “The Hour will not be established till the buttocks of the women of the tribe of Daus move while going round Dhi-al-Khalasa.” (meaning, worshiping devils because this was an idol the arabs used to worship) (Bukhari)
Chapter 17 gives a detailed view of how Allah Judged America, He initially calls it “Babylon the Great” because this is it’s likeness but emphasizes that it is far worse than the original Babylon which by the time of John (ra) was destroyed and replaced by the Persian Empire. Allah also calls America “The Great Prostitute”, a reference to it’s methods in business, trade, politics and everything it is involved in, it sold its soul and self in everything it did.
America would choose to be a countries ally for a few years just to dominate another country, then it would be that countries ally it dominated just to dominate it’s former ally it now wants to betray, this is a prostitute it is in bed with everybody. Likewise the nations of the world sold themselves to it, as the bible state not realizing who they were sleeping with was a prostitute that would equally cheat on them, this metaphor is in contrast to a women who would be faithful to her husband, the alliances she made in life.
John (as) said, “17 One of the seven angels who had the seven bowls came and said to me, “Come, I will show you the punishment of the great prostitute (America), who sits by many waters (sleeps (trades) with everybody around the world). 2 With her the kings of the earth committed adultery (sold the souls of their own nations), and the inhabitants of the earth were intoxicated with the wine of her adulteries (the result of her trade, the technology and products she produced).”
3 Then the angel carried me away in the Spirit into a wilderness (here a seperate example is given of America and it’s allies). There I saw a woman sitting on a scarlet beast (bright red in color) that was covered with blasphemous names (if we remember the British beast, here this means the beast is irreligious and immoral because the names covered it’s body while America is the women ridding it) and had seven heads and ten horns (no crowns mean the beast didn’t control these nations, but they were together, allied, as later passages show this beast is the European Union). 4 The woman was dressed in purple and scarlet (bright red), and was glittering with gold, precious stones and pearls. She held a golden cup in her hand, filled with abominable things and the filth (result) of her adulteries.
The women riding the beast with no crowns means America through it’s capitalist system is riding the nations that are together with it. America mixed her own filth, the result of her trade and dirty politics with her products, the term blood diamond is today given to diamonds sourced from war torn countries who’s money is being used to buy weapons that further the cycle of blood shed, in this same way her adulterous dealings and filthy politics are mixed in with her products they are not morally separate from each other.
All of these issues arise from the countries social illnesses which can be seen in it’s consumption of the earths resources, today Americans constitutes 5% of the worlds population but consumes 24% of the worlds energy, three times greater than what they need, they eat 815 billion calories of food each day which is roughly 200 billion more than needed and enough to feed 80 million people, they throw out 200,00 tons of edible food daily and have more shopping malls than high schools.
When a society is focused on Capitalism that becomes the psyche of that society, they proudly call themselves capitalist but to moral people that’s the same as being proud of being called a psychological disease.
John (as) continues, 5 The name written on her forehead was a mystery (this is an expression, who they are was unknown yet to John): “Babylon the Great the Mother of Prostitutes” and of the abominations of the earth.
“America the Greater Babylon and the Mother of all Prostitutes” it is one of the abominations of the earth, meaning unnatural, if we look at who they are this is a country founded and run by occult societies unlike other nations founded on race and religion. John couldn’t understand this reality how such a people could exist, to people living 2000 years ago Americans are aliens so what he was shown of them didn’t make sense to him.
6 I saw that the woman was drunk with the blood of God’s holy people, the blood of those who bore testimony to Jesus. (America used up the pure hearted people of the earth and spat them back out once they finished with them, they toyed with peoples lives as if it had no meaning. The people who bore testimony to Jesus are the muslims who testify he isn’t Allah, Christians are a majority in the world and in power so there is no need to testify or prove anything because they are the ones doing all this). When I saw her, I was greatly astonished. (not even in medieval Europe were people treated in such a way, enemies were killed or tortured but peoples beliefs were not ripped out of their hearts and the meaning of family, friends and religion was not taken from them, to America there are no boundaries).
7 Then the angel said to me: “Why are you astonished? I will explain to you the mystery of the woman and of the beast she rides, which has the seven heads and ten horns. 8 The beast, which you saw, once was, now is not, and yet will come up out of the Abyss (from no were) and go to its destruction. (The beast is the European Union, America’s great partner who adopted their ways after WW2, which they now use to dominate the rest of the world forcing them to follow them, America is riding this beast. The original Roman Republic ended with Julius Caesar (d.44BC) who proclaimed himself it’s first Emperor, this was before the time of John (as) who lived in the Roman Empire not Republic. The Roman Empire itself is said to have been born after this point with it’s first true Emperor being Augustus (d.14AD), the European Union in essence is the Republic of Europe, the Roman Republic reborn). The inhabitants of the earth whose names have not been written in the book of life (the people yet to be born) from the creation of the world will be astonished when they see the beast, (when the European Union first takes power from America, mentioned in later passages), because it once was (the Roman Republic), now is not (Rome is an Empire), and yet will come (it’s true face won’t be known until they take Power and it will astonish the people of the world when it does this).
9 “This calls for a mind with wisdom (advice). The seven heads are seven hills (countries) on which the woman sits (these countries border each other, the European countries, contrast this with the previous expression “sits by many waters” which means continents).
10 They are also seven kings (kingdoms in this context because as the next verse states they no longer exist). Five have fallen, one is, the other has not yet come; but when he does come, he must remain for only a little while (the British Empire, so this new vision is showing John the future of man, in the last vision the British were portrayed as a Beast of their own here they are apart of another beast because they joined the European Union). 11 The beast who once was, and now is not, is an eighth king (the European Union). He belongs to the seven and is going to his destruction (Hence the verse is talking about the old kingdoms of Europe, the Eighth King the EU in contrast is called a beast, and not another king, because it will rule the lands were these old kingdoms used to be, the verse is saying the kingdoms come from the same geographic set of lands, these are kingdoms that rose and fell are from the same group of people but at different points in history).
Five of these empires are ancient and gone such as Greece, one existed at the time of John the Gaul which encompassed present day France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, parts of Northern Italy, as well as parts of the Netherlands and Germany, although at this point the Gaul were subdued by Rome, and the last is yet to come the British Empire.
12 “The ten horns you saw are ten kings (future rulers of the new countries that will form in Europe) who have not yet received a kingdom, but who for one hour will receive authority as kings along with the beast (the individual countries of Europe will receive authority like an Empire when the European Union controls world affairs). 13 They have one purpose and will give their power and authority to the beast (the countries will give authority to the Union they are a part of). 14 They will wage war against the Lamb but the Lamb will triumph over them because he is Lord of lords (ruler of rulers) and King of kings—and with him will be his called, chosen and faithful followers.” (The term Lord of Lords meaning the God of gods can’t be an expression of an Angel because there is only one God and there are no other gods to be a God over, it is a lie to express things falsely and Angels don’t imagine things they speak their pure reality, truth (haq). The sentence also builds up towards the last phrase King of Kings it isn’t going down in emphasis which is why Lord here means ruler and not god).
The vision in conveying the message spans a length of time because it is a summation of events in the original vision, so it’s beginning is Europe underneath American dominance, then Europe takes control and fights Armageddon, and it ends in the time of the Dajjaal (Allah’s curse be upon him) who they will follow, Jesus (as) will finally return after the Dajjaal (Allah’s curse be upon him) to kill him who they will probably fight as well not recognizing him at first, narrations also say Rome (either in Italy or the Union at this time) will return to Allah accepting Islam with Jesus. He will go there and bring out the original injeel, bible, which Allah gave him to show them who He is, the current bible is a collection of accounts written after his time, it isn’t actual revelations given to Jesus (saws) while he was alive. Other narrations say when the hour comes the Romans will be the most in number, which means they did not die at the hands Jesus (as) or Yajuj wa Majuj (Gog and Magog) and they are not themselves Gog and Magog who Allah kills for Jesus (saws).
This current bible is a collection of books by different authors and isn’t revelation, at most it is inspiration given to the saints and a history book in other parts of it. The words of Jesus and Allah are mentioned throughout it, saints don’t receive revelations most prophets don’t either, revelations are specific Books Allah reveals to mankind, his words alone, like the Original Torah and Zabur the book given to the prophet David (as), the Christian definition of revelation is entirely wrong some think it’s to predict the future, others think it means to speak to Allah, if that were true then every Angel receives revelation all the time and so will Humans when they finally enter Heaven, revelation is Allah’s words alone which He intends to be Laws for mankind, in them He speaks in the first person to mankind and certainly not through the words of someone else.
John (as) continues, 15 Then the angel said to me, “The waters you saw, where the prostitute sits, are peoples, multitudes, nations and languages” (it trades with all the people of the earth, the seven continents of the earth).
16 The beast and the ten horns you saw will hate the prostitute (Here is affirmation that America and the nations of the beast are seperate from each other. The European Union and it’s leaders although are America partners don’t like them because it was from Europe that the colonial empires sprang from and America was a colony at one point, now they rule over them telling them what to do). They will bring her to ruin and leave her naked (They will take over from America as the worlds super power, and strip her of everything); they will eat her flesh and burn her with fire (other translations have consume, or throw what is left of her into a fire, they will strip America bare and cut her off from trade, burn with fire can have more than one meaning and may not mean war they may isolate her economically burning her society that way). 17 For Allah has put it into their hearts to accomplish his purpose by agreeing to hand over to the beast their (America’s) royal authority (Allah does things even through evil people), until Allah’s words are fulfilled. 18 The woman you saw is the great city that rules over the kings of the earth.” (Here the verse affirms the women is a country that rules over the worlds nations and this passage has nothing to do with the Antichrist).
The passage translated from Hebrew reads, “And the horns (countries) which you saw and the beast (the Republic), these will have hatred for the prostitute (America), and they will make her desolate and naked and will eat her baser (flesh) and will burn her up in eish”, references are then given to Yechezkel 16:37,39 which speak about a mans lovers being striped of what they have including their clothes, until they are entirely naked. So the verse means the European Union will strip America of everything it has, it’s international trade, power, influence, until it is isolated, desolate and naked, they will eat her flesh meaning they will then take even more leaving her bare boned, and then will burn her up until her society isn’t recognizable any more.
When Allah sends the fifth Angel to plunge America into Darkness the Angel will open up the way for Europe to accomplish this, America is now in more debt than it can possibly pay back. “plunge into darkness” means American society will collapse entirely and they won’t see a way out, we saw this partially in it’s last economic crisis from which it barely recovered the crisis showed the world America’s economic and social vulnerability, this time it won’t be allowed to recover from any disaster that strikes it and the matter will be final.
Chapter 18 mentions that it will be primarily the traders around the world that will lament the fall of America, which itself is a unique description for any kind of empire except a capitalist one, this is a significant description indicating who the Empire is in the book of revelations and is unique to the country that leads the world with capitalism. It may be said that at the fall of any empire those who trade with it lament the loss of trade, but this is entirely different here because the traders are being singled out by Allah as the Key figures relevant to it’s destruction and identification, in one verse it says “Your merchants were the world’s important people” not it’s politicians or leaders or army generals this is a stark contrast from how the world existed in the time of John when the Roman Empire’s military and it’s generals were the most important people, this can be only talking about our life time.
John (as) says, “After this I saw another angel coming down from heaven. He had great authority, and the earth was illuminated by his splendor. 2 With a mighty voice he shouted:”
“‘Fallen! Fallen is Babylon the Great!’ She has become a dwelling for demons and a haunt (playground) for every impure spirit (person or devil), haunt for every unclean bird, haunt for every unclean and detestable animal. (American society will no longer function becoming a playground for every kind of “devil” human or otherwise, it will become a dystopia).
3 For all the nations have drunk the maddening wine of her adulteries. The kings (nations) of the earth committed adultery with her, and the merchants of the earth (the corporations) grew rich from her excessive luxuries.”
4 Then I heard another voice from heaven say (to the people of God, living in America): “‘Come out of her, my people,’ so that you will not share (participate) in her sins, so that you will not receive any of her plagues (punishment); 5 for her sins are piled up to heaven, and Allah has remembered her crimes (Her time of Judgment is now). 6 Give back to her as she has given (Allah is advising people how to deal with America in life); pay her back double for what she has done. Pour her a double portion from her own cup (the punishment on America is economic isolation and the destruction of her culture and Allah will allow Europe to fulfil his punishment). 7 Give her as much torment and grief as the glory and luxury she gave herself. In her heart she boasts, ‘I sit enthroned as queen. I am not a widow (alone in the world); I will never mourn.’ (She lies to herself that she is rules the world and won’t accept the truth she is a widow, isolated in her position from the world, she raises herself above everyone and expects they should love her for it. When her time comes this is how she must be dealt with by the people of the world).
8 Therefore in one day her plagues (punishment) will overtake her (they will catch up to her): death, mourning and famine. She will be consumed by fire (this could be literal or metaphorical in the context of the capitalist system being destroyed), for mighty is the Lord Allah who judges her.Threefold Woe Over Babylon’s Fall 9 “When the kings of the earth who committed adultery with her and shared her luxury see the smoke of her burning, they will weep and mourn over her. 10 Terrified at her torment (never believing this could happen), they will stand far off and cry (watching from a distance indicates modern technology, they will cry from their own lands): “‘Woe! Woe to you, great city, you mighty city of Babylon! In one hour your doom has come!’ (they are lamenting the loss of their own trade with her, because no one can amass wealth as they did. The switch here to America being described as a city, is a reference to the country itself, the prior descriptions were describing America’s place in the world and the nature of it’s people).
11 “The merchants of the earth will weep and mourn over her because no one buys their cargoes anymore—14 “They will say, ‘The fruit you longed for is gone from you. All your luxury and splendor have vanished, never to be recovered.’ 15 The merchants who sold these things and gained their wealth from her will stand far off, terrified at her torment. They will weep and mourn 16 and cry out: “‘Woe! Woe to you, great city, dressed in fine linen, purple and scarlet (bright red), and glittering with gold, precious stones and pearls!
17 In one hour such great wealth has been brought to ruin!’ (the Attack on her will be sudden) “Every sea captain, and all who travel by ship, the sailors, and all who earn their living from the sea, will stand far off. 18 When they see the smoke of her burning, they will exclaim, ‘Was there ever a city like this great city?’ 19 They will throw dust on their heads, and with weeping and mourning cry out: “‘Woe! Woe to you, great city, where all who had ships on the sea became rich through her wealth! In one hour she has been brought to ruin!’ (This more than likely implies that with it’s economic collapse there will be mass destruction of some kind, mass riots from Americans themselves in major cities which will stop trade ships from continuing their journey. We saw in the 2003 New York mass blackout that only after a short time of no electricity people began to riot and loot, this is an indication of how it will become a dystopia, a former haunt of what it once was).
20 “Rejoice over her, you heavens! Rejoice, you people of God! Rejoice, apostles and prophets! For Allah has judged her with the judgment she imposed on you.” (Allah judged America as America Judged the people of Allah and fell short of this estimation).
21 Then a mighty angel picked up a boulder like a large (or Great) millstone and threw it into the sea (this is the giant Asteroid that will hit the earth, after which we will witness great natural disasters around the world, beginning with a huge earth quake, the second of the three great earthquakes towards the end of time, it will split Damascus in three. Although the vision sounds like events will occur in a single day everything takes time in real life and this Asteroid won’t be the same day America is economically ruined), and said: “With such violence the great city of Babylon will be thrown down, never to be found again.
Even though the Asteroid hits in the ocean this means it will be off the coast of America and it’s intention is to decimate it completely, in the other vision of John we are told the islands will disappear and the mountains won’t be seen, the Quran in surah al Dukhan (the smoke) talks about a smoke towards the end of time that will cover the earth for 40 days, this sounds like something temporary an Asteroid will cause and many Ahadith indicate this as well.
22 The music of harpists and musicians, pipers and trumpeters, will never be heard in you again. No worker of any trade will ever be found in you again. The sound of a millstone will never be heard in you again. (The punishment of America ends with the Asteroid the remainder of the chapter is lamentation over the corporations losses).
23 The light of a lamp will never shine in you again. The voice of bridegroom and bride will never be heard in you again. Your merchants were the world’s important people. By your (dark) magic spell all the nations were led astray. (Here another reference is made to the occult practices of America in business, politics and everything else, the verse is saying America is using it to dominate the world.)
24 In her was found the blood of prophets and of God’s holy people, of all who have been slaughtered on the earth.” (The blood of prophets (saws) is found in the descendants of the prophets, like Ahl al bayt who are descendants from the prophet muhammad (saws) it is a reference to the most moral people on earth not just those who are good).
The Ahadith state that it will be after the people of the East march across Arabia, and near the end of their six year rule, that the Hammering sound will be heard around the earth, and this will be an asteroid which Allah will hit the earth with. So it will be some years after America’s collapse that the Angel will hurl the Asteroid, the fall of America will cause instability around the world and more than likely is the cause for the instability in Saudi Arabia that will result in the civil wars and massacres the prophet (saws) mentioned.
Many asteroid’s have been suggested in the future as being the one to hit America, but astroid Apophis is more unique than others, on April 13, 2029, a date within the time period suggested for this to occur, NASA stated that the flyby of asteroid Apophis will be one for the record books. On that date, Apophis will become the closest flyby of an asteroid of its size when it comes no closer than 19, 400 miles (31,300 Km) above Earth’s surface. Discovered in 2004, the asteroid, which is the size of three-and-a-half football fields, gathered the immediate attention of space scientists and the media when initial calculations of its orbit indicated a 2.7 percent possibility of an Earth impact during a close flyby in 2029, another chance existed in 2036 but they have both been ruled out.
If we want to put that distance into perspective, the earth’s diameter is about 12,742 Km wide, and in space that distance (19,400Mi) is just above our heads, the moon for example, which everyone sees in the night sky is 384,000Km (225,622mi) from earth while the asteroid will fly past at a distance of only 31,000 Km (19,400Mi). The injeel, Bible, says that Allah will command an Angel to veer an asteroid from it’s normal course and slam it into the Ocean, it may or may not be this asteroid but NASA can only check for normal trajectories and this one comes extremely close, given this and the fact NASA will be useless when America collapses to detect anything, and that any number of solar or gravitational events can veer Apophis of course as it flies between us and the moon.
The Quran mentions that towards the end of time Allah will punish the people on earth with a smoke that will fill the entire sky, in surah ad Dukhan Allah says, “(But watch thou for) their torment, O Muhammad, on (the day when the sky will produce visible smoke) filling what is between the sky and the earth, (That will envelop the people) that smoke will surround the people. (This) smoke (will be a painful torment) a torment of hunger. ((Then they will say): Our Lord relieve us of the torment) remove from us hunger. (Lo! we are believers) in You as well as in Your Messenger and Scripture (44:10-12, Tanwir al Miqbas min Tafsir Ibn Abbas).
This smoke will cause famine around the world destroying crops and vegetation, we can deduce the timing of this smoke within reason, because it will not occur during the time of Isa (as) which is a blessed time, nor will it occur in the time of the Mahdi (ra) because similarly it is blessed, nor will it Occur during the time of the Dajjaal (Allah’s curse be upon him) because he is Allah’s punishment and this won’t be something that he does, so we are left with two possibilities, before the time of the Mahdi (ra) or after the time of Isa (as). It is less likely to be after the time of Isa (as) because after he descends Allah will change the earth to be one of bounty were people will receive what ever they wish, so when Isa (as) dies and then Allah finally takes the Quran up to heaven, this will be a corruption for people and the Hour will only come upon the worst of people who will receive almost anything they want, a description given in Ahadith.
But before the time of the Mahdi (ra) we see that many Ahadith as well as the injeel (bible) say that Allah will punish the people of the earth with famine and many other kinds of afflictions, so it is reasonable to assume the Dukhan will be a result of the Asteroid impact, it will cause famine because the smoke will cover the sky hindering sun light, stopping crops from growing around the world. Some have suggested that the smoke is pollution but that has yet to cause famine or starvation around the entire world, while famine will be a direct result of the smokes appearance, Allah also calls the smoke in the Quran a painful torment, while pollution is more reasonably described as a discomfort and the people after the time of Isa (as) won’t suffer torments until the Hour itself.
Next Chapter 19 of the book ends with an account of Imam Mahdi (ra) waging war against Europe, John (as) says, 11 “I saw heaven standing open and there before me was a white horse, whose rider is called Faithful and True (the Mahdi, his name means the one who is guided and in the original language the words relate more literally). With justice he judges and wages war. 12 His eyes are like blazing fire, and on his head are many crowns (he will rule many nations).
14 The armies of heaven were following him, riding on white horses and dressed in fine linen, white and clean. 15 Coming out of his mouth is a sharp sword with which to strike down the nations. “He will rule them with an iron sceptre.” (This is the same description to that of Ishmael “She gave birth to a son, a male child, who will rule all the nations with an iron sceptre” indicating the rider is a decent of Ishmael, when it was said Ishmael will rule with an Iron sceptre it meant His descendants in the vision, it was they who pulled all nations in history conquering both Rome and Persia).
19 Then I saw the beast (Europe, America is destroyed at this point and the beast she was riding is all that remains) and the kings of the earth and their armies gathered together to wage war against the rider on the horse and his army (This is the war between the Muslims and Europe at the end of time, the Jinn from America went to gather the Kings of Europe to Armageddon). 20 But the beast (Europe) was captured, and with it the false prophet (it’s leader who like America before him wanted people to follow a new way of life, Deen, Capitalism) who had performed the signs on its behalf (another reference to the occult is made here and the fact that the Devil’s of America are now manipulating Europe). With these signs he had deluded those who had received the mark of the beast and worshiped its image (are now following Capitalist Europe and it’s culture). The two of them were thrown alive into the fiery lake of burning sulfur (the false prophet leader, and the European Union). 21 The rest were killed with the sword coming out of the mouth of the rider on the horse (this indicates that something separate will happen to the leaders of Europe than the people), and all the birds gorged themselves on their flesh (they were all defeated in the Great Battle, Armageddon).