Qadiri Naqshbandi Shadhilli, Qutb Allah, Rami Al Boustani Al Rifai | ‏بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ‏يُؤْتِى ٱلْحِكْمَةَ مَن يَشَآءُ ۚ وَمَن يُؤْتَ ٱلْحِكْمَةَ فَقَدْ أُوتِىَ خَيْرًۭا كَثِيرًۭا ۗ وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّآ أُو۟لُوا۟ ٱلْأَلْبَبِ|Bi.isim.Allah@outlook.com

The Islamic Lataif, Chinese Meridians, and Buhddist and Hindu Chakras and Their Basis In Islamic Law

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The Dua Of Light; the Prophet (saws) often prayed in Sujood, “O Allah, place light in my heart, and on my tongue light, and in my ears light and in my sight light, and above me light, and below me light, and to my right light, and to my left light, and before me light and behind me light. Place in my soul light. Magnify for me light, and amplify for me light. Make for me light, and make me light. O Allaah, grant me light, and place light in my nerves, and in my body light and in my blood light and in my hair light and in my skin light.” (Bukhari)

“O Allaah, make for me a light in my grave… and a light in my bones.” (Tirmidhi)

“Increase me in light, increase me in light, increase me in light.” (Bukhari, adab al mufrad)

“Grant me light upon light.” (Bukhari)

The Origins of the Lataif in Islam lie in medicine and science, it originated with the work of Imam Kubra in the twelfth century regarding dream and vision interpretation. As his work and tariqa spread through the muslim world it also influenced the teachings of the Buddhist, Chinese and Hindu religions because Islamic society was the most advanced in the world at the time.

This subject has always been at the core of islam since it’s first days, beginning with the prophet (saws) himself who would teach the companions how to interpret dreams and visions as well as the science of the self, among the early generations the famous and highly respected Tabi’i scholar Imam Ibn Sireen, who was born in 33 AH (653AD) during the rule of Uthman ibn Affan (ra), wrote a famous book on dream and vision interpretation which encompassed much of that knowledge, it survives to this day and has been translated into english. The Imam himself was a zahid (ascetic) the equivalent among the tabiin (first generation of muslims) to what was later termed sufi, the Zahid’s in the Ummah would organise into Tariqa’s (schools) to better teach the spiritual side of Islam just as the faqih’s (Lawyers) would organise into Madhhabs (legal schools), this tradition survives to this day in the many tariqa’s (sufi schools) that exist around the world.

It is difficult to say what specifically advanced this knowledge in Islam but a look at the Islamic world during the 12th and 13th century will tell us this was the period of Islam’s golden age of scientific and social discovery, besides making countless discoveries of their own, the Muslim world took outdated knowledge from all areas of the world it spread to and advanced it to a level never seen before, so advances in understanding the physiology of spirituality was inevitable. This began with scholars who’s people had converted to Islam in these new lands, they adopted the islamic way of looking at the world and thus began the work of advancing their own traditions (science). Persian muslims would advance Persian science, Indian muslims would advance Indian science, Chinese muslims would advance Chinese science all the while taking from the wider islamic community that they where now connected to to aid in this process, in this way the religion of Islam was instrumental in spreading science on earth in an unprecedented manner and specific regions in the muslim world began to lead the world in science.

This process came under the Shariah Laws of Urf (custom and culture) and hence Islam protected people’s naturel identity. It is impermissible to make tahrim (declare a thing impermissible) as some modern heretical sects took to doing simply because of it’s origin, because Islam accepts peoples cultures and backgrounds, it was something Allah himself created and He stated it in the Quran in very clear terms, “O mankind! We created you from a single (pair) of male and female, and made you into nations and tribes, that ye may know each other (not that ye may despise and reject each other). Verily the most honoured of you in the sight of Allah is (he who is) the most righteous of you. And Allah has full knowledge and is well acquainted (with all things, meaning all cultures).”(49:12)

This is relevant today because some heretical sects denounce entire fields of science because they come from a region of the world they are racist against, which is another evil Allah condemns in the Quran. They contradict many of the prophets (saws) instructions, for example the Prophet (saws) instructed that we should “seek knowledge even unto China” (al-Munawi cites al-Dhahabi’s Talkhis in which he said it is a widely reported narration, some of its chains are weak, and some are sound),  the prophet (saws) also said “The Search of Knowledge is an obligation laid on every Muslim” (Ibn Majah and Baihaqi) meaning on every muslim in every part of the world.

The Messenger of Allah acknowledge in the 7th century that China was an advanced society and had knowledge about this world we should seek out, the companions visited China not long after the prophet’s (saws) death because of this. As a result of the Islamic golden age, which Allah himself promised his prophet (saws) in number of narrations, Europe was taken out from the Dark ages by fuelling it’s enlightenment and it helped greater India, China and Asia recover from the Mongol Horde that devastated it.

The Prophet (saws) said “I have been sent with ‘Jawami-al-Kalim’ (the shortest expressions with the widest meaning and knowledge) and have been made victorious with awe, and while I was sleeping, I saw that the keys of the treasures of the world (which means the knowledge present among other nations) were placed in my hand.” Abu Huraira added: Allah’s Apostle has gone, and you people are utilizing those treasures (knowledge), or digging those treasures out.’(Bukhari) in other words making use of old knowledge from every region on earth, the spread of knowledge by Islam was something clearly promised to the prophet (saws) by Allah, and this is exactly what occurred throughout history.

The Messenger of Allah (saws) said: “Indeed Allah gathered the earth for me so that I saw its east and its west. And surely my Ummah’s authority shall reach over all that was shown to me of it. And I have been granted the two treasures; the red (Roman empire, were the Greek sciences were taken from) and the white (Persian empire, were over 200 of Islam’s greatest scholars and scientists would come from). I asked my Lord that my Ummah is not to be destroyed by a universal drought, and that He does not overcome them by enemies outside of them, reaching to their heart of power (Madina and Makkah). My Lord said: ‘O Muhammad! When I issue a decree it is not reversed. I have granted for your Ummah that they shall not be destroyed by universal drought. And that they not be overcome by enemies outside of themselves reaching to their heart of power even if they gather against them from all the regions.”’ Or he said: “Among the regions. But some of them will destroy others, and some will capture others.”’ (Tirmidhi)

Allah also says in the Quran “To thee (Muhammad) We sent the scripture (Qur’an) in truth confirming the scriptures that came before it, and guarding it in safety. Say: Whoever is the enemy of Jibreel — for surely he revealed it to your heart by Allah’s command…”(2:97)

Abu Hurairah (ra) also narrated:”We were sitting in the company of Allah’s Apostle (saw) when Surat al-Jum`a was revealed to him and when he recited amongst them, (those who were sitting with the prophet) said `Allah’s Messenger?’ but Allah’s Apostle (saw) made no reply, until he was questioned once, twice or thrice, and there was amongst us Salman the Persian. Allah’s Apostle (saws) placed his hand on Salman and then said:”Even if faith were near the Pleiades (the stars), a man from amongst these would surely find it (referring to knowledge of religion).” Persia became a great centre for knowledge and many of the worlds great scholars came from there like Imam al Ghazali, Imam Abu Dawwud, Imam Bukhari, Ibn Sina, Ibn Haytham one could name well over 200 prominent and well known Islamic figures (Scholars, Scientists, Philosophers, and Physicians) in world history that came from Persia.

It is also significant to note that the Greeks such as Plato followed and revived the teachings of a prophet of Allah sent earlier to the Persians called Zoroaster (a greek translation of his name from Plato’s work). Allah in the Quran recognizes the Zoroastrians (Majus in the Quran) as people who believed in Allah mentioning them with the Jews and Christians: “Verily, those who believe and those who are Jews, and the Sabians, and the Christians, and the Majus, and those who worship others besides Allah, truly, Allah will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection. Verily! Allah is over all things a Witness”. (22:17).

The Lataif of Islam don’t resemble anything from other religions or cultures, ‘any automatic reference to the Hindu concept of koshas is inappropriate and the alluring association of the Lataif Sitta with the Tantric esoteric physiology is deluding. The central mythic power defining the Hindu Tantra, Kundalini Shakti, has no equivalent in Sufism’. Some have also likened it to Jewish traditions, beside the fact that both religions are revealed from Allah who stated the zuhd (asceticism) He taught in Islam He likewise revealed it in the scriptures of Abraham and Moses, it is highly unlikely muslims took from the Jews because the Jewish understanding of physiology would have certainly developed in the Islamic Empire during Islam’s golden age, most of their great scholars lived in Islamic lands. The Jews were largely persecuted around the world through history, except in Islamic lands and every time they were exiled their texts were destroyed, so scientific advancement among the tribes would have been slow and mostly borrowed from Islam, this was the case from most of their history and prior to Islam 1400 years ago knowledge of the body did not resemble anything we know today.

Other’s have likened the Lataif to Hindu Chakra’s, while the definitions may resemble each other that is were the similarity ends because the Chakra points are located in entirely different locations on the body and deal with different things than the Lataif.

Chakras and Acupuncture meridians are closely related, in old terms ‘meridians carry the life force (energy) that vitalizes all life forms and allows them to flourish and grow’, today using modern language we call this the nervous system. Different cultures call this life force by different names: Chi in chinese medicine, subtle (Lataif) energy in Islam, Spirit or Prana and vital energy in Hindu to name just a few but it is all referring to the same thing.

Chi and Lataif energy in the language of physics is the electromagnetic force that governs this universe and the fields created because of it, the electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields. There are only four fundamental forces in the Universe, three of them are responsible for why everything occurs from chemical reactions to electricity to magnetism, the other one is gravity but it is ruled out because it doesn’t relate to this subject. The strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force likewise don’t relate to this subject, while the electromagnetic force is a perfect fit considering what it does and the major role it plays in life.

Everything we have mentioned above about the Lataif, Chakra’s and Meridians is mans observation of this force throughout history, it is responsible for it all.

It is responsible for the electromagnetic field that the heart, brain and other organs produce and surrounds the human body, and it is responsible for electricity and magnetism in the body. The electro-magnetic force also surrounds every single Atom in the Universe and dictates, similar to how magnetism works, it’s attraction and repulsion to other Atoms, when this is considered on a larger scale, the electromagnetic force decides the strength, shape and hardness of objects as physics states, because it is responsible for stopping things from passing through each other like they are ghosts, if it was to stop working everything would collapse into a black hole.

It is also significant that the magnetic component of the electro-magnetic field the heart generates is far stronger than the electrical component, which is important to the attraction and repulsion of particles, that the hearts rhythm also affects.

It goes without saying that martial arts masters who learnt to manipulate this force flowing through the body displayed extraordinary abilities all relating to strength, hardness and the manipulation of objects (shape).

Above all else Allah mentions this force in the Quran in the verse of light clearly, stating that He uses it to guide all people, this is the basis in Islam for the scholars using the Lataif points and this force to similarly guide and purify people through it because this is what Allah himself does.

Allah says, “Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth. The example of His light is like a niche (the particle field in space) within which is a lamp (the particles Atoms are made from), the lamp is within glass (the Atom), the glass as if it were a pearly

[white] star lit from [the oil of] a blessed olive tree, [it’s Olive, the particle, is] neither of the east nor of the west (but from subatomic space), whose oil (the forces of the universe) would almost glow even if untouched by fire. Light upon light (particles within particles). Allah guides to His light whom He wills (Allah uses the particles and forces of the universe to guide to him). And Allah presents examples (such as this) for the people, and Allah is Knowing of all things”. (Qur’an 24:35) (we have explained this verse in detail in our work “Allah Is The Light Of The Heavens and The Earth”)

This verse describes how the Atom comes into existence and how Allah guides man through the forces and energy of the universe that our body uses to survive. All atoms along with the particles they are made from right down to the smallest particle are created because of the four fundamental forces in the Universe, the electromagnetic force (Chi) being one of them.

In the Quran Allah, in a language Arabs living 1400 years ago could understand, calls the Atom a lamp and the forces that create it the Oil that is fuelling the lamp, the particle (Olive) the tree produces is not from the east or the west it is from within space, subatomic space, He then tells us this is His light in the Universe through which people and their hearts are guided because the body relies on what is occurring subatomicly.

The verse begins by asserting that “Allah is the Light of the heavens (the Universe) and the earth” then Allah gives an example for how His light exists. The simile for the Atom and the smaller particles it is made from in this verse is Light because both are quantum substances and light is the most visible subatomic particle, there are many ahadith that clearly state Allah created the universe from His light (particles) just as the verse of light explains what His light is by explaining how Atoms come into existence. (Our book “Ibn Arabi On Imagination and The Creation Of The Universe” quotes many of these Ahadith and discusses them at length, it also discuses the prophets (saws) knowledge of subatomic space.)

Allah then says “the example of his light is like a niche”, a niche is like a crevasse in the middle of a wall, and as physics teaches particles exist in a field spread out in space as if a wall, so this is it’s similitude.

Within which is a lamp”, the Atom or particle itself, “the lamp is within glass“, the Atom creating its own outer shell or field as it spins or vibrates.

The glass as if it were a pearly [white] star“, it’s outer shell looks exactly like a star when it shines, this is caused by its excitation that makes it react to other particles and forces around it, as well as want to join together with other particles to make up larger particles in the universe.

Next Allah talks about the four fundamental forces in the Universe, one of which is Chi (Lataif, meaning subtle, energy) also called the electromagnetic force, “Lit from the blessed oil”, particles are created (Lit) from the fundamental forces (Oil) of the Universe, “of a blessed olive tree” the tree is the hierarchy of particles, starting with the Atom down to the smallest one, essentially the tree is the Universe itself.

The example of the tree in the verse is similar to a family tree with a list of the older generations of people going all the way back to our ancestors, just like the Atom and the particles (older generations) going back to it’s ancestor or the smallest particle it came from, in fact this is the same terminology used by physicists today when looking at the hierarchy, the particles are known by what generation they belong to, (the full explanation of the verse is in our work “Allah Is The Light Of The Heavens and The Earth”).

Through this reality of space “Allah guides to His light whom He wills”, through this blessed Tree, or the subatomic universe, Allah guides man to Him.

This is the basis for the Lataif (subtle energy) and Chi in the Quran, another clear example is given is Surah al Shams (91) where Allah talks about the celestial bodies like the sun, moon and the earth and says He guides man through the fields they generate, the electro-magnetic fields of the sun which create it’s varied solar activity and the earth that is surrounded by a magnetic field protecting it from the sun and creating it’s atmosphere, this along with it’s gravity, all of which exist because of the electro-magnetic force.

Allah speaking about the subatomic effects of these celestial bodies on human consciousness, say’s “BY the sun and its radiant brightness (It’s solar activity created by the electromagnetic force), By the moon as it reflects the sun! (It reflects the suns solar activity and protects the earth) BY the day as it reveals the (sun to the) world, By the night as it veils it darkly! (The day and night cycle is the period of increased and decreased electromagnetic activity which humans experience) BY the sky and its wondrous make (the sky and atmosphere is created because of the earth’s magnetic field shielding it from the sun), By the earth and all its expanse! (The expanse of the earth creates the atmosphere and different weather that exist around the world, as well as the gravity we experience) BY the Soul (which is made from subatomic particles), and how it is formed (from these particles) in accordance with what it is meant to be (subject to the Laws of physics, the pen wrote down what would occur according to the Laws Allah placed in the Universe which are set, mans freewill acts within the boundaries of these laws i.e. what it, the soul, is meant to be), And inspired it (through the subatomic universe, the particles and forces that exist there, with) what is wrong for it and (what is) right for it. To a happy state shall indeed attain he who causes this [self] to grow in purity (Zakaha), and truly lost is he who buries it [in darkness]. TO [THIS] TRUTH (that previous civilizations already new) gave the lie, in their overweening arrogance, [the tribe of] Thamud”(91:1-11) (we have written a lengthier tafsir to these verses on our website).

Previous civilizations understood man is guided through the celestial bodies and built massive structures to mark there knowledge which they left behind like the pyramids and stone henge, the tribe of Thamud had knowledge of all this but denied their creator and worshiped the stars and invented gods instead.

Because Man’s consciousness and imagination (what we see in our mind) is made of matter, like solids and liquids are made from matter, the image in our head is made from subatomic particles, particles smaller than the atom, our imagination is created from the very same forces that govern this Universe and create these particles, Allah says He guides man through them to Himself, “Those who strive hard in Us, We shall most surely guide them in our Ways” (29:69) which is through the self, man’s consciousness and imagination that shapes who he is.

This is the significance of the verse of light in relation to the nature of man and how Allah guides people to him, this is why Allah mentioned guidance at the end of the verse. He is saying man is guided to him through the subatomic universe and the verse of light explains what that Universe looks like.

Allah presents examples for the people and Allah is Knowing of all things”, this is the simile for the Universe, how Allah guides man from within his own self and physiology just like the Lataif of Islam teaches, Allah is the light of the heavens and the earth that we should connect our self to.

The science behind the Lataif Allah promised to reveal how it works in the Quran to the later generations of Mankind, even specifying that man would need to know how his self is connected to the subatomic universe to have certainty (al Yaqeen) that Islam is the truth, “In time We shall make them fully understand Our messages [through what they perceive] in the utmost horizons [of the universe] and within themselves, so that it will become clear unto them that this [revelation] is indeed the truth. [Still,] is it not enough [for them to know] that thy Sustainer is witness unto everything?”[Qur’an 41:53]

Allah made a connection between the the deepest regions of space and what is within man, this is the quantum universe, the subatomic world, mankind understood space by understanding what atoms are made from, the connection between atoms, space and the self is how they relate to each other in the body and the science behind the Lataif deals with this subject which Allah is alluding to here “what they perceive within themselves”, because our consciousness is made from subatomic particles all the things we witness in the self relate to physics and space which the science of the Lataif connects very clearly in it’s teachings, today the emerging field of biophysics deals with this subject.

The science of the Lataif found acceptance and consensus (Ijma) among Islam’s scholars and spread through out the earth.

“[O MEN!] We have now bestowed upon you from on high a divine writ (the Quran) containing all that you ought to bear in mind (it speaks about all knowledge relevant to the self) will you not, then, use your reason?”[Qur’an 21;10] Will you not then study the matter and think, see how these subjects are connected, Allah gave us the blueprint we need to see how it fits together and works.

“They know but the outer surface of this world’s life, but of the End of things they are heedless.”[Qur’an 30:7] They only know the material world but people are unaware of the impact their actions have in the universe. To state the matter succinctly the end of things means the end result of your actions, that is the impact our actions have on the subatomic world which is the end of things since actions are done in the physical world then impact our surroundings in every level of the universe. Every advice Allah ever gave about our behaviour and how to act is because what we do has spiritual consequences, since ghayb the spiritual world is the subatomic part of our universe it means our actions impact the subatomic world and it harms us and others.

Our bodies rely on subatomic particles, our consciousness which is made from these particles along with our heart which creates the electromagnetic field we sense the world through are tuned into the subatomic part of the universe all the time. What occurs there impacts our organs, brain and self directly. We can’t change the physical world with a thought but we can manipulate subatomic particles with our imagination with ease, so our body through our self and actions is always affecting that part of the universe directly and indirectly. This means as we act we impact the world sub atomically and what others do impacts on us as well. Hence Allah is teaching us in the verse that bad actions come back to harm us spiritually (subatomiclly) in a language people can understand, and we should be aware of it, other religions called this Karma and Allah speaks about it in many verses in the Quran.

Allah does everything through the universe and what occurs in it are described by the laws of Physics, He calls these laws in the Quran His commands which descend through subatomic space. In many verses Allah speaks about the creation of the universe and the laws of physics that govern it in a language Arabs could understand; “VERILY, your Sustainer is Allah, who has created the heavens and the earth in six aeons (periods), and is established on the throne of His almightiness (see the next article for it’s meaning). He covers the day with the night in swift pursuit (the motion of the universe is continuous), with the sun and the moon and the stars subservient to His command (the Laws of physics): oh, verily, His is all creation and all command (all laws of physics). Hallowed is Allah, the Sustainer of all the worlds! (planets in the Universe)” (7:54)

“It is Allah Who created the seven heavens and of the earth, it’s like (the other planets). The command (laws of physics) comes forth (lit. descends in arabic) between them (through subatomic space) so that perhaps you would know that Allah is Powerful over everything and that Allah, truly, enclosed everything in Knowledge.” (65:12) This is probably the most significant verse regarding the laws of physics, that it descends to the physical world from the spiritual is the most accurate scientific description possible that is only in our lifetime being understood and proven. In the earlier verse Allah mentions the Throne in relation to these laws, the throne is situated at sidrat al muntaha, the deepest subatomic depth and it is created from the first particles to exist in the universe, as later particles came to be created the many laws of physics came into existence along with them, literally the laws of physics descend from the deepest subatomic depths to the physical world, the command comes forth through subatomic space.

Keeping in mind the verse of light where He says He guides man through the subatomic universe and surah al Shams where He says He uses subatomic forces to achieve this, Allah says about these laws “To thee (Muhammad) We sent the scripture (Qur’an) in truth confirming the scriptures that came before it, and guarding it in safety. Say: Whoever is the enemy of Jibreel — for surely he revealed it to your heart by Allah’s command (Laws)…”(2:97) using the laws of physics, because the heart receives everything from ghayb (the subatomic universe) through the laws of physics. Once properly understood this verse establishes how man is inspired and how he receives revelation, it is the foundation for the lataif system because the heart is the place of revelation.

Christianity similar to Karma teaches we reap what one sows (Galatians 6:7), Chinese Taoism teaches “There are no special doors for calamity and happiness (in men’s lot); they come as men themselves call them. Their recompenses follow good and evil as the shadow follows the substance” the shadow is the subatomic world that follows what is occurring in the physical world. While Allah similarly says “Allah tasketh not a soul beyond its scope. For it (is only) that which it hath earned, and against it (only) that which it hath deserved.”(2:286) If we can’t understand the science behind this then we can understand the warning and take heed.

Verse 30:7 is literally talking about how the universe works and the subatomic part of space, Allah sets the context for this verse very clearly in the next verse, “Have they never learned to think for themselves? Allah has not created the heavens and the earth and all that is between them (the subatomic part of the universe) without [an inner] truth and a term (for it’s end) set [by Him]: and yet, behold, there are many people who stubbornly deny the truth that they are destined to meet their Sustainer!” (30:8).

Similar to ultra violet light the Lataif energy (Chi) is invisible to the human eye. However, in Chinese medicine experienced Chinese doctors can feel and trace these pathways of energy with their hands, the electromagnetic force surrounds every Atom in our hands and because of the electromagnetic field our body generates it is possible, Chinese scholars have also mapped these meridian (Lataif or Chakra) lines and many charts are available. With this understanding, acupuncture and the science of Lataif were developed to balance Chi (energy) in the body, today energy is known by a different name. Through science we know if something affects mans nervous system, if something is stopping the flow of signals (energy) the body will become sick because the brain and heart can’t regulate the body and maintain it’s balance which it needs to do all the time.

We can think of these acupuncture meridians (pathways) as streams or rivers flowing with energy. It is like a river that provides life-giving water to its surrounding areas, these channels distribute revitalizing energy to the surrounding area of the body. Today we call this the nervous system and we can be certain we are talking about the same things because physics tells us energy in the air follows the path of least resistance, the path that already exists in the body, and the nervous system is the most physical path for energy to follow. Mans nervous system and organs which generate the bodies electromagnetic field influence and manipulate the flow of energy so it follows the paths going to and from each organ.

Acupuncture is a method of touching and using ch’i, the electromagnetic force, and the energy created by it whether it is the electromagnetic field, electricity (including static) or magnetism which our body also uses, all these types of energies are created by this single force.

These meridian channels are mapped on the surface of the body, along the meridian lines there are acupuncture points, also called Lataif points, places where we know that we can connect with ch’i to work with the body and its healing process. Acupuncture uses the points related to healing the body from physical illness while the Lataif of islam use the points related to mans consciousness and self, the points most closely connected to the soul that gives us life.

Generally people seek acupuncture treatment when they are ill because Chi follows the nervous system and it is connected to our organs so we can heal the body in specific places using it.

Unlike the Meridians used in Chinese medicine the Lataif of Islam are located near the centre of the chest were the soul is centred. Our consciousness isn’t just the culmination of our senses and memory it is also created from the cumulative energy in the body created by it’s different organs. Because the entire body is connected by the subatomic fields (energy) it generates and they connect with the mind and heart more directly than through the nervous system, our reflexes and instincts rely on this part of us existing, animals specifically use it to greater effect.

This is the top down view of the human body, like someone hitting a nerve in the body then it causes the entire arm to move the electromagnetic field created by different organs are nerves for different aspects of our self. Because of the electromagnetic field created by different organs in the body which is directly connected to our heart and brain, our consciousness, various parts of the body are responsible for different emotions and states.

Listed below are the twelve primary energy meridians, and the main emotions linked with them used in Chinese medicine:

Pasted Graphic1. Lung meridian; grief, intolerance

2. Large intestine meridian; guilt

3. Stomach meridian; disgust, greed

4. Spleen meridian; worry, anxiety about the future

5. Heart meridian; joy, anger

6. Small intestine meridian; insecurity, sadness

7. Bladder meridian; fright, impatient, restless

8. Kidney meridian; fear, indecision

9. Pericardium/circulation-sex; hurt, extreme joy, jealousy, regret

10. Triple warmer/thyroid meridian; hopelessness, depression, despair

11. Gall bladder meridian; rage, wrath

12. Liver meridian; anger, unhappiness

This is not unlike what Imam Ali (ra) said although the list above focuses on illness, Imam Ali (ra) said “The (seat of the) intellect is located in the heart. Mercy is located in the liver, Compassion is located in the spleen. The self (soul) is located in the lungs (these refer to regions in the body that affect these types of emotions from the subatomic universe).”(Adab al Mufrad, Hasan).

The Buddhist and Hindu Chakras are similar to meridians, there are many chakras (centres of energy) in the body but in the Hindu tradition there are seven that are considered the most important. This may at first seem like different opinions coming from different religions, but one look at the location of these seven chakras tells us a different story. Unlike the Lataif of Islam which are located near the centre of the chest or the Meridians of Chinese medicine which are located in the various organs in the body the Hindu Chakras are located in a vertical line starting at the head and going directly down the body, to many this may seem unrealistic because no organs in the body are located in such a vertical way, but it is perfectly accurate if we think about the spinal cord and it’s role.

When every Organ in the body wants to send a signal through the nervous system to the brain, including the heart, it sends it through the spinal cord, so along this cord at various locations on it are chakra points associated with each organ, the picture is of the nervous system and how every organ sends a signal to the brain through the spinal chord, as well as the different locations along the spinal chord, exactly like the Chakra points.

It then becomes clear that each tradition treated the body from a different part of the Chi/Charkra/Lataif system that exists in the human body, while the Chinese focused on the organs in the body and the Hindu’s focused on the spinal chord which is a step above the organs to heal physical illness, Islam focused on the workings (“psychology”) of the self which centred around the heart, through that the rest of the body would be healed as the prophet (saws) said “Truly in the body there is a morsel of flesh which, if it be sound, all the body is (spiritually and physically) sound and which, if it be diseased, all of it (spiritually and physically) is diseased. Truly it is the heart”, so Islamic scholars focused on the heart and the soul attached to it, which is the most top down approach to healing and helping man of all these systems. None of them are wrong in their approach but the Lataif deal with the highest part of mans self first then the rest of the body.

How The Human Body Learns and The Downward Spiral Of Western Medicine Over The Past 100 Years

8c6256f896d72a9ffeb8171f12662f25The History of the Lataif of Islam begins with Shaykh Najmudin Kubra (12/13century) but it’s basis starts with the prophet (saws) himself who better than anyone understood the physiology of the Human body, how Allah created it and gave it the ability to be inspired. The prophet (saws) understood both the physical and spiritual side of man’s physiology which reflected in many of His (saws) actions and dua (prayers) that He (saws) taught His Ummah. When the Angel Jibril (ra) first came to him He instructed the prophet (saws) to (iqra), “Read! In the Name of your Lord, Who has created (all that exists)”.

That is, to Iqra (read) the Ayat (signs) in the Universe in the name of Allah, and the first thing Allah taught Him (saws) was that He “has created man from something that clings (Alaq, the fetus).” Then He told Him (saws) to again “Read!” these Ayat (signs) because “your Lord is the Most Generous” (96: 1-3), meaning He will be generous in revealing the signs to Him (saws), so He (saws) should continue to look for them and study them.

Because this knowledge was new to the prophet (saws), Allah wanted to first focus the prophets (saws) mind on how man was created and from there He would then think about man’s complete physiology as He (swt) revealed it to Him (saws) in other verses. The first verses of the Quran were not a warning to mankind but the scientific foundation for everything the prophet (saws) would later instruct man to do in Islam in order to perfect himself, because all actions in the Deen (religion) relate to mans creation and physiology.

It is the foundation of how to perfect the self because every action man takes reflects in his body chemically, psychologically and spiritually, to much of something or to little will push man’s psychology and perception in one direction or another and that will warp his view of the world, if he can’t perceive properly then he can’t know Allah properly, hence this religion is about being balanced.

In this verse Allah ties the ability to be balanced with being just and proper witnesses, ”Thus have We made of you a nation justly balanced, that you may be witnesses over the people and the Messenger a witness over yourselves” (al-Baqarah 143).

In the opening verses of the Quran Allah teaches man to ask to be made balanced people, ”Guide us to the straight way, the way of those upon whom You have bestowed Your grace, not those whose (portion) is wrath nor those who have gone astray (become unbalanced)“ (al-Faatihah 6-7).

Man needed to purify his body so it can be capable and ready to accept Allah’s (physical) light in his heart, this is because light or the electromagnetic field is the source for all knowledge we receive through our body and faculties. The Human body through our nervous system and organs such as the heart and brain produce a strong electromagnetic field, in simple terms Light, almost all the great scholars of Islam like Imam Malik who founded the Maliki (ra) madhhab understood and said knowledge is a light Allah places in the heart, this is because there is a physiological process behind gaining knowledge which starts at the subatomic level.

A pure heart free from fault is capable of holding, sensing and understanding a subtle light, some light is visible others invisible, a good example of this was at the battle of the trench, when the muslims were digging the trench a large rock stood in their way from completing it, the prophet (saws) struck the rock three times and each time He saw a flash of light, Salman al farisi (ra) saw the light as did the prophet (saws) who was granted three future victories at that time, He was shown the lands of the Romans, Persians and Yemen in the light, but while Salman noticed these visions vaguely he could not make out what was in the light, (the hadith is related in full at the end of this work).

This has to do with the purity of the heart which reflects in mans physiology, purity and light are terms from 1400 years ago while in modern times science has rewriten the language of knowledge, to put it simply if there is something in the heart that allows it to perceive light then doing harmful actions Allah termed sins would hinder the hearts ability to understand that light, Allah said “Nay, but what they were committing has spread like rust over their hearts.” (83:14), rust stops a machine from working Allah here is likening these harmful acts to rust that stops the heart from perceiving light properly hindering the flow of knowledge, the prophet (saws) explains “When a believer sins there is a black spot on his heart, and if he repents and asks pardon his heart is polished (the act has subatomic consequences); but if he does more it increases ‘til it gains the ascendancy over his heart. That is the rust mentioned by Allah Most High” (Ahmad).

In physics this transmission of information and knowledge through the electromagnetic field (light) is called the coherence of waves, (a field is just a bunch of waves together). When one electromagnetic wave connects with another, if they are in a state of coherence (synchronized, calm and there is no interference) then information can be passed on from one to the other clearly, this is like a mobile phone which also uses the electromagnetic field (light) to communicate, if there is bad reception because of interference with the signal from something (in terms of the human body, a persons bad character or mood or the “rust” that has built up) then you will get drop outs in the information the phone is sending and receiving, if there is a good signal (coherence, produced by good character and self control that creates calmness) then the information is passed on crystal clear.

This is where the entire matter of revelation begins, with Light and the Angels created from Light are charged with giving mankind the revelations of Allah. Imam Malik (as) said “Knowledge does not consist in narrating much. Knowledge is but a light which Allah places in the heart” this is the beginning of knowledge, what we witness of it in our lives is it’s results. Narrations are the end result of receiving knowledge not the beginning which is the light Allah placed in the prophets heart, the source of the prophets (saws) knowledge was revelation passed to him by the light of the Angels who revealed it to his heart, “For he (Gabriel) it is who hath revealed (the Quran) to thy heart by Allah’s leave.” (2:97)

This process of gaining knowledge wasn’t something unique to him because the Prophet had a human body that functioned like everyone else,  “Say (O Muhammad): I am only a man like you. It has been revealed to me that your Ilaah (God) is One Ilaah (God)” (18:110), “And We did not create them (the Messengers, with) bodies that ate not food, nor were they immortals” (21:8), but their is a physiological process in receiving revelation that hasn’t been properly understood, “Their Messengers said to them: We are no more than human beings like you” (14:11).

Imam Al-Dhahabi, along with many other scholars, all similarly said, Knowledge (al-`ilm) “is not the profusion of narration but a light which Allah casts into the heart.” From here Imam Dhahabi goes on to explain what all the major scholars understood, that man passes on knowledge that he knows to his students, friends, family, children…etc, through the light (electromagnetic field) of his own heart, knowledge is passed on to the light produced by the heart of the student or child they are teaching in their presence. This is along with the normal manner of communicating, what we sense about the way a person is speaking is because this electromagnetic field exists, which adds depth to the teachers words. A person with a clear heart will be able to take in more of what they are learning and hearing if they can form a coherent link with the teacher, usually achieved through respect and good conduct towards the teacher, something Islam’s scholars said is the foundation of learning.

Imam Dhahabi said about the light the heart receives “Its condition is followership”, ittibaa, following someone, akin to a respectful teacher student relationship which is what following the sunnah meant to the companions who received from His (saws) light of prophethood, it was because of the Prophet’s light that Madinah the city He lived in was called Madinah al Munawara (the illuminated city) a literal name which meant “The City that is Enlightened”, it referred to the amount of knowledge being passed on through His (saws) light of prophethood which many companions living in the city could sense and see clearly, and when He (saws) died the companions said that light left and the city became darker.

There are many ahadith about the light of prophethood which was something Allah gave to each prophet but for it to work as the light of knowledge there had to be a physiological basis in the human body for it work on the wider islamic community, this is why light holds a special place in all religions on earth.

Allah in the Quran clearly says He sent the prophet (saws) as a light for people because of this, “O Prophet! We have sent you as a witness, a bearer of good tidings and of warning, And as a summoner unto Allah by His permission, and as a lamp that giveth light.”(33:45-46) Just like the lamp creates light the Human body creates light, in this verse Allah said He sent him as a lamp for people whose role was to illuminate them, because physiologically people are guided by the light (electromagnetic field) of people so Allah gave each prophet the light of prophethood to help them reach people.

The Prophet, may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him, said “Allah created His creation in darkness then He sprayed them with His light. Those whom this light reached became rightly guided, while those it did not went astray.”(Tirmidhi)

Those who saw the prophet (saws) in the full moon noticed that his blessed face was brighter than the moon (Tirmidhi), and one of his Companions, the Lady Rubayyi‘, when asked to describe him, said, “My son, had you seen him, you would have seen the sun shining.”(Tirmidhi)

Aisha (ra) the prophets wife related how she saw the whole room fill with light one night, then it disappeared, while the Prophet continued to call upon Allah. Then the room was filled with a more powerful light which disappeared after a while. She asked, “What is this light I saw?” he said, “Did you see it. O ‘A‘isha?” “Yes!” she replied. He said, “I asked my Lord to grant me my nation, so He gave me one third of them, so I praised and thanked Him. Then I asked him for the rest, so He gave me the second third, so I praised and thanked Him. Then I asked Him for the third third, so He gave it to me, so I praised and thanked Him.” She said that had she wished to pick up mustard seeds from the floor by this light she could have (Hilya).

This is the basis for the Tariqah’s of Tassawwuf and learning from a teacher who has a silsila (genealogy) of teachers that goes back to the prophet (saws), because as the scholars have been saying for 1400 years the silsila (genealogy) of teachers means your are receiving from the light of a teacher who received from the light of a teacher who, going all the way back, received from the light of the prophet (saws) himself, Allah speaks about this reality in very clear terms in the Quran, in a few places.

The scholars understood the importance of this and preserved this chain of teachers very carefully, today every tariqa (path) of Tassawwuf can recount the lineage of teachers they received their knowledge from all the way to the prophet (saws), usually through Imam Ali (ra) or Sayidinah Abu Bakr (ra), the same is true for scholars of the madhhabs of Fiqh and Aqeedah in which it is called Ijaza.

This is what Allah means in the verse “They aim to extinguish Allah’s light with their utterances: but Allah has willed to spread His light in all its fullness (until the coming of the hour), however hateful this may be to all who deny the truth”, this expression is Jawmi al-Kamil encompassing of more knowledge, literally the verse is saying they want to extinguish the light of Allah the prophet (saws) is passing on to his students by their bad conduct, the foul things they are saying which destroys the light of knowledge, other translations have “They want to extinguish the light of Allah with their mouths, but Allah will perfect His light, although the disbelievers dislike it”.(61:8)

“Allah will perfect His light”, Allah’s light is already perfect so this is referring to it’s role and spread on earth that will be perfected, it primarily spreads from teacher to student through the Ijaza of the Madhhabs and the Silsila of the scholars of Tasaawwuf otherwise their is no physical connection back to the prophet (saws) at the heart of this matter and it would be lost.

Allah in the verse refers to revelation as light because of how it will spread on earth, this isn’t frivolous or hollow speech which is beneath Allah, it has significance and purpose, Allah is trying to teach us something by stating the verse in this unique way, and He promised to protect this light as it spreads from person to person until the coming of the hour.

This is why the prophet (saws) said He has left for us his descendants to learn from, the scholars among them carry this light the best which Allah wished for them in the Quran, and that they and Islam will not separate from each other until He meets them all at His reservoir (al Kawthar) on the day of Judgment. He (saws) said “I am leaving among you something which is very important and should (both) be followed, you will not go astray if you get hold of it after I am gone, one part of it being more important than the other: Allah’s Book, which is a rope stretched from Heaven to Earth, and my close relatives (and descendants), who belong to my household. These two (the Quran and my descendants) will not separate from one another till they come down to the reservoir (al Kawthar, on the day of judgment), so consider how you act regarding them after my departure.” (Tirmidhi)

“Allah has willed to spread His light in all it’s fullness” meaning in every manner the light of the heart can spread knowledge and through this means His religion, Allah prepared the way until the hour by saying about the prophet (saws) descendants in the Quran “Allah intends only to remove from you impurity (to cleans their hearts), O people of the

[Prophet’s] household, and to purify you with [extensive] purification”(33:33), it is significant enough that the last Khalifah the Muslim Ummah (nation) will have, Imam Mahdi (ra), will be a descendant of the prophet (saws) showing how Allah is fulfilling this promise, and only the pagans among the muslims “want to extinguish the light of Allah with their mouths”.

Al-Mahdi (the Mahdi) is an Arabic word which means “The Guided”, the Messenger of Allah (saw) said, “The Mahdi is from us, the people of the (Prophet’s) Household. Allah will rectify him in one night.” (Ahmad). There are many ahadith about how Allah preserved the light of Islam and who is responsible for what in history;

Jabir bin Samura said “I heard the Prophet (saws) saying, “There will be twelve Muslim rulers (Allah will send for the muslims after the prophet).” He then said a sentence which I did not hear. My father said, “All of them (those rulers) will be from Quraish (the tribe of the prophet (saws)).” (Sahih Al-Bukhari ) Abu Dawud in his Sunan also reported this Hadith, but added to it “and the whole community will agree on each of them.”

Ibn Umar said Allah’s Apostle (saws) said, “This matter (the light of Islam) will remain with Quraish even if only two of them were still existing.” (Sahih Al-Bukhari ), if this wasn’t talking about a spiritual (subatomic) reality Allah placed in the world then any person who can read a book on Islam would fulfil this role Allah intended, but we are talking about the light of Allah spreading, the prophet (saws) was sent among the tribe of Quraish and they witnessed the light of prophethood directly, a book can’t reproduce that.

Abu Huraira said Allah’s Messenger (saws) said, (referring to spiritual succession) “The kingship belongs to Quraish, the legal authority (belongs) to the Ansar (people of Madinah), the call to prayer (belongs) to the Abyssinians, and faith (belongs) to Azd (A Tribe in Yemen).” (Tirmidhi), The Prophet beckoned with his hand towards Yemen and said, “Belief (the light of Iman) is there.” (Bukhari).

The Messenger of Allah (saws) said: “This matter (the light of Islam) will be in Al-Madina, then in AsSham, then in the Al-Jazirah, then in Iraq, then in Al-Madina (which is today), then in Bayt Al-Maqdis (Jerusalem, with Imam Mahdi). And when it comes to Bayt al-Maqdis, then it will be in its homeland. And it will never go away from a people and afterwards return to them, (the Hour will be established after this time)”  (Nuaim bin Hammad’s Kitab Al-Fitan)

Allah calls the human body a light in the Quran many times because it produces light, and in fact because of this He called the prophet (saws) a Lamp to illustrate this point literally; “O Prophet! We have sent you as a witness, a bearer of good tidings and of warning, And as a summoner unto Allah by His permission, and as a lamp that giveth light.”(33:45-46)

Allah says the body doesn’t just produce light it follows the light of other people, the heart perceives the light of others, in this context the prophets (saws) light, “Is he whose bosom Allah hath expanded for the surrender (unto Him), so that he followeth a light from His Lord (as he who disbelieveth) ? Then woe unto those whose hearts are hardened against remembrance of Allah. Such are in plain error. (39:22)

“On the day when thou (Muhammad) wilt see the believers, men and women, their light shining forth before them”. (57:12)

“On the Day when the hypocritical men and the hypocritical women will say unto those who believe, look on us that we may borrow from your light! It will be said: Go back (to the previous life) and seek for light!” (57:13)

“Now hath come unto you a light from Allah and a plain scripture.” (5:15) light isn’t a metaphor for the Quran, Allah mentions giving muslims two seperate things light and the Quran.

“Then those who believe in him (Muhammad) honor him, help him, and follow the light which is sent down with him: They are the successful.” (7:157)

“O mankind! Now hath a proof from your Lord come unto you, and We have sent down unto you a clear light”(4:174)

Allah instructs mankind to follow the light He sent down “Believe, therefore, in Allah and His Messenger, and in the Light which we have sent down. And Allah is well acquainted with all that ye do.”(64:8)

Light plays a significant physiological role, mankind will ask Allah to perfect it for them so their bodies can benefit from it, “O you who believe! turn to Allah a sincere turning; maybe your Lord will remove from you your evil and cause you to enter gardens beneath which rivers flow, on the day on which Allah will not abase the Prophet and those who believe with him; their light shall run on before them and on their right hands; they shall say: Our Lord! make perfect for us our light, and grant us protection, surely Thou hast power over all things.”(66:8)

Mankind will have their reward and their light in Jannah because strengthening light in the human body enhances a person in every way, this is why it is mentioned next to the reward in Heaven, “And those who believe in Allah and His messengers, they are the loyal, and the martyrs are with their Lord; they have their reward and their light; while as for those who disbelieve and deny Our revelations, they are owners of hell-fire.” (57:19)

To help mankind Allah made reading the Quran produce a light people can benefit from, “ And thus did We reveal to you an inspired book by Our command (the book is granted something unique by Allah’s command). You did not know what the Book was, nor (what) the faith (was), but We made it a light, guiding thereby whom We please of Our servants; and most surely you show the way to the right path”(42:52)

When the body is deprived of it’s ability to produce light this creates torment in the person, “On the same Day, the hypocrites, both men and women, will say to the believers, ‘Wait for us! Let us have some of your light!’ They will be told, ‘Go back and look for a light.’ A wall with a door will be erected between them: inside it lies mercy, outside lies torment.(because their bodies are deprived of light)”(57:13).

The most significant verse in the Quran about this subject is the one in which Allah literally states the heart has the ability to see and gain knowledge, referring to when the prophet (saws) saw Allah, Allah says “And He revealed unto His slave (Muhammad) that which he revealed. The heart did not lie (about) what it saw.” (53:10-11)

From all this we can see light plays an important role not just in gaining knowledge, but being happy and avoiding hardship because increasing light in the human body makes everything easy for man, the prophet (saws) understood this perfectly which reflected in the many acts He (saws) did to increase the light in his body.

Imam Dhahabi, who was Ibn Taymiya’s student, then explains what preserves this light that the heart is taking knowledge through from being destroyed… “Its condition is followership and the flight away from egotism (hawa) and innovation (which destroys that light)”, “They aim to extinguish Allah’s light with their (foul) utterances” their ego and pagan innovations.

Imam Ali (ra) understood all this and said “Enlighten the heart with prayers”, meaning prayer causes the heart to create light which helps it sense and translate knowledge, increasing light in the body is the foundation of why we do everything in religion.

In this regard Allah said “Whomsoever Allah desires to guide, He expands his breast (heart) to Islam (so it can easily understand that light); whomsoever He desires to lead astray, He makes his breast narrow, tight, as if he were climbing to heaven (it becomes difficult to perceive the light of religion, even if someone is talking to us about it). So Allah lays abomination upon those who believe not.” (6:15)

The heart produces an electromagnetic field (light) but the chest concentrates it, this is the significance of Allah mentioning the chest in this ayah instead of the heart directly. We can effectively take out the word Islam from this verse and replace it with the word knowledge, “He expands his breast to knowledge”, but Allah mentions Islam because He is referring to a specific type of knowledge that man is given or deprived of as punishment, while the heart is still capable of perceiving other kinds of worldly knowledge. A man can be cut off by Allah and still perceive knowledge but religion is being able to understand wisdom, this is why most irreligious people are also the least wise people and care little for it, whatever standard they think they have it isn’t on pare with the standard of real morality, to them it’s like becoming a priest or some uphill climb they have to take, “He makes his breast narrow, tight, as if he were climbing to heaven”.

If for some it is difficult to see the connection between all these things, all we have to ask is, what does Allah mean by expand a persons chest in relation to Islamic knowledge, and what is in the chest that literally receives that knowledge because it isn’t the brain or the lungs, the only receptive organ is the heart.

From here we have to then ask, how is the heart able to receive knowledge because to most people it just pumps blood, but this simple understanding is the old outdated view of western medicine over the past 100 years, that the heart is just a muscle, in fact the heart has very a complex nervous system, it’s “electrical wiring and circuitry” which does some very sophisticated things like a computer, because of recent advances in technology that allowed for a closer inspection of that organ science has shown that the heart is like a mini brain.

This state of western medicine over the past century was unfortunate because mankind, most of the world, has always understood the heart had a sophisticated role to play in man’s body, but as the west became secularized during the 19th century it attacked religion and used it’s pseudo scientific discoveries of the past 100 years to prematurely justify it’s Atheism, which now it is moving away from because the science is crystal clear and can’t be ignored.

Like the human body all animals produce an electromagnetic field, through it they sense the world around them and hunt other creatures, through it birds can migrate large distances and navigate the magnetic currents of the earth, most animals have specific organs designed to interpret what they sense or see through the electromagnetic field that their body produces and the human body is closely related to theirs, but perfected as Allah states, “We have indeed created man in the best of moulds”(95:4) the human body is a perfected animal and every creature has an ability to sense through the electromagnetic field our senses are more perfected than theirs because while they focus on locating things we deal with higher realities and gain knowledge.

The electro-magnetic field is made of two things, an electric field and a magnetic field which feed upon each other, both exist because of the electro-magnetic force which is like gravity (but not exactly the same) for small (subatomic) particles.

The electromagnetic force is one of the fundamental forces that the universe relies on, in importance it is second behind gravity, it affects everything in the universe including gravity and is the force behind magnetic fields, electric fields and light. It is also responsible for giving things strength, shape and hardness because it is responsible for how particles are attracted to each other or how they repel each other, just like in magnets.

This force is approximately 10 to the 36 (10^36) times stronger than the gravity on earth, but it mainly works on the small (quantum) particles, if this force wasn’t there everything would collapse into a black hole because particles are no longer being kept apart (repelled), which tells us how significant it is to life and space as well as how widespread it is in the universe.

The electromagnetic force is also responsible for giving us the ability to hold and move things, the electric field (technically it’s called the electrostatic field) generated among atoms and molecules near the surface of our hand generates a force field that doesn’t allow large objects to pass through our hand, it’s also responsible for dirt sticking to our hand, but this is how common and far reaching this force is in the universe, our heart, brain and entire body are governed by it, through it they produce an electromagnetic field that surrounds the entire human body by a distance of 3 to 4 feet which can be measured with scientific instruments.

Animals have specific organs that allow them to interpret or see with these fields, man has his heart and we do more complex things in our body, through them we sense and feel what others want or intend and through them we pass on knowledge, there isn’t an organ or cell in the human body that isn’t affected by this force.

Science and medicine, with many recent advances over the past decade, have already in our time established what we have known about the human body from the first days of Islam, for example if we hear a second hand conversation from someone, we take less information from what we are told than if we witnessed it ourself because our body takes input on many more levels from the presence and atmosphere of the people speaking or events unfolding in front of us, if this didn’t relate to mans heart and senses than any second hand conversation will do because it is the same words being repeated.

Our body senses through our organs, the heart and it’s electro-magnetic field as well as our sense of touch, hearing and smell, the heart is that extra bit of input we all know is there and rely on to judge events. We sense what people are feeling and expressing and the mind which receives all that information from our body translates all these inputs so we can comprehend it.

Most scientists agree that cognition and emotion are distinct functions in the body, mediated by separate but interconnecting neural system’s, moreover, communication channels in the brain are hard wired, and linking the mental and emotional systems together are essential for the expression of our full range of mental capacities, meaning our emotions and what we sense and feel are part of mans ability to perceive and understand, they are not useless “women’s” emotions as the western view came to be for many years.

It is very significant that the actual number of neural connections in the brain going from the emotional processing areas (centres) to the cognitive (rational) centres in the brain is greater than the number going the other way, meaning the body and brain are hard wired to translate and pay attention to what we sense and feel first then to be rational.

This goes some way to explaining the powerful influence of emotions on thought processes, and the brains receptiveness to emotions, or the bodies input to the brain through our senses, this is why the heart is the seat of the intellect because rational thought comes after what we sense and feel, western psychology has been teaching the opposite of this for well over 100 years with drastic results to society.

Ali ibn Abi Talib said “The seat of reason is the heart (al-`aqlu fi al-qalb)” the prophet (saws) said  “Verily, Allah looks not at your bodies nor at your faces but He looks at your hearts.”(Muslim) Allah wouldn’t be looking at the heart if it was just a lump of flesh that pumps blood, the brain would be more deserving of consideration but Allah chose the heart above it because it does something significant for man. Imam al-Nawawi stated that this narration was used as proof that the seat of the mind is the heart and Ibn Hajar similarly adduced the same and Imam Ahmad likewise said “Its seat is the heart”.

Neuroscience has shown that because of the way the body is hardwired that while emotions can easily dispel non emotional thoughts from our awareness, non emotional thoughts do not easily displace emotions from the mental landscape.

In this regard the scholars said the heart is the seat of the intellect not the brain, Imam Ali (r.a) said at Siffin, “The (seat of the) intellect is located in the heart. Mercy is located in the liver, Compassion is located in the spleen. The self (soul) is located in the lungs (these refer to regions in the body that affect these types of emotions).”(Adab al Mufrad, Hasan). Imam Ali (ra) also said: “The (spiritual) disease of the heart is worse than the disease of the body.”

What is emerging from the most recent research is that the human body also has another layer of sensory input on top of our physical senses, and this is the input from mans electromagnetic field produced by the brain and heart. Our body is made from cells which are sensitive to what occurs at the quantum (subatomic) level of the universe because they need light to survive, so the heart and brain through the electromagnetic force are connected to the most basic level of matter, the subatomic world.

When there is coherence within and between the mental and emotional systems of the body, they impact constructively to expand awareness, they also enable the body to work optimally both psychologically and physiologically. In relation to this very point the prophet (saws) on a regular basis used to make dua for Allah to increase him in light (the electromagnetic field) (Bukhari, Muslim and many others). He (saws) would ask Allah to place light in very specific organs of the body because He understood how the body uses and relies on the electromagnetic field (light), these dua are among the most repeated prayers in Islam.

There is no doubt that the prophet (saws) understood the importance of the electromagnetic field (Light) in the body and the significance of keeping it strong. The Prophet (saws) would ask “O Allah, place light in my heart, and on my tongue light, and in my ears light and in my sight light, and above me light, and below me light, and to my right light, and to my left light, and before me light and behind me light. Place in my soul light. Magnify for me light, and amplify for me light. Make for me light, and make me light. O Allaah, grant me light, and place light in my nerves, and in my body light and in my blood light and in my hair light and in my skin light.”(Bukhari, Muslim)

“O Allaah, make for me a light in my grave… and a light in my bones.”(Tirmidhi)

“Increase me in light, increase me in light, increase me in light.”(Adab al Mufrad)

“Grant me light upon light.”(Bukhari)

“And make the light greater for me.”(Muslim)

Opposite to the coherence of light is when the mental and emotional systems are out of phase, they lack synchronisation and they interact in a conflicting manner, degenerating the performance of the human body.

Many positive thinking strategies, developed today, “follow the assumption that all emotions follow thought, which occurs first, and so by changing one’s thoughts, we should be able to gain control over our emotions. However, in the last decade, research in neuroscience has made it quite clear that emotional processes operate at a much higher speed than thoughts, and frequently bypass the mind’s linear reasoning process entirely. In other words, emotions do not always follow thought; in many cases, in fact, emotions occur independently of the cognitive system and can significantly bias or colour the cognitive process (in other words how we perceive and gain knowledge) and it’s output or decision.”

This is completely in line with the Islamic understanding that man reacts after he senses, the brain isn’t the starting point of the self and is just sitting there reacting and creating everything we experience as western medicine concluded last century and spread around the world. Mans senses give him input from what is occurring around him and the body is hardwired to process and translate this input, again reinforcing what Imam Ali (ra) and many verses in the Quran indicated, that the seat of the intellect is located in the heart.

Researchers state that “Since the mind and emotions affect a wide range of abilities and responses, mental and emotional coherence (synchronisation) are of the utmost importance. Vision, listening ability, reaction times, mental clarity, problem solving, creativity, and performance in a wide range of tasks are all influenced by the degree of coherence of these two systems at any given time. Because emotions exert such a powerful influence on cognitive processes, emotional incoherence often leads to mental incoherence and is often the root cause of mental problems and stress.”

Allah speaks about the consequences of this in the Quran clearly, “Such are they whose hearts and ears and eyes Allah hath sealed (the heart has a perceptive faculty which can be sealed, when it is), And such are the heedless.” (16:108), when He mentions the heart, He is referring to its cognitive processes, starting from the subatomic level of the Universe and the consequence is complete heedlessness in the person.

In the Quran Allah says many times, He guides man from the subatomic level (ghayb) for example the verse of light (24:35), after Allah explains how His light exists in the Universe by outlining how the Atom comes into existence from the subatomic part of our universe, He says He guides man to Him through this process, (our book “How Is Allah The Light Of The Heavens and The Earth” explains this in detail).

“Increasing stability in the emotional systems of the body can often bring the mind into a greater sense of peace and clarity”, we achieve stability through the acts of worship we perform because they all impact upon mans body and then self physiologically, Allah mentions this connection very clearly in the Quran when He says, “Then (O people)…prostrate yourself (in prayer first then) draw nearer to Us.” (96:19), nearness is achieved in the heart but it requires a physical act in order to attain it, this is the relationship between prostration and the self coming closer to Allah.

When the mental and emotional systems of the body are in sync (in coherence), we have greater access to our full potential in order to achieve our aims because we are focused.

Research has shown through experimentation with heart rate variability patterns, it’s rhythm as it beats which shapes the electromagnetic field it produces, that our emotional state constantly reflects in the field produced by the heart.

Very literally, our emotions are broadcast through the electromagnetic field produced by the heart like a broadcast tower, for example anger produces a very distinct wave from love, another layer of complexity is added once we consider quantum mechanics and the entanglement of particles, at the quantum level this is how all particles interact with each other to cause all reactions, and the body is certainly entangling quantum particles in it’s vicinity through it’s fields.

Particles are prevalent through out the universe, for example physicists estimate that about 60 billion solar neutrinos, particles created by the sun, pass through a persons fingernail every second, but this is all due to the latest research which is making the old western understanding of science obsolete as they re-evaluate their core beliefs about the body and man ’s psychology.

‘Current (western) scientific knowledge regarding the physiology of emotions has it’s roots in Gaelic medicine. Galen’s influence on scientific thinking persisted well into the 1800s, with the notion that thought’s circulate in the ventricles of the brain, and emotions circulate in the vascular system (circulatory system of the blood). A persons temperament was determined by four “humors” or secretions in the body: sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic, and melancholic. Modern biochemical research has added much to this inaccurate and simplistic model but the withdraw from this perspective, that the brain does one thing and the heart another and each part of the body works separately, has been slow and guarded for two reasons: “Old theories do not die easily, and there is an aspect of truth to this view, the thoughts circulating in the ventricles have turned out to be neural electrical activity and the humors are endocrine secretions (the secretion of hormones and other products into the blood)”’, this view has tied the hands of western society for well over a hundred years slowing any progress because it is still far to simplistic from the actual reality of the human body which is faster and more complex then the worlds fastest super computers.

By comparison to what we know today, this is a two dimensional understanding of the body, while the latest scientific understanding perfectly explains what the pseudo science of the 19th and 20th century attempted to throw out rather than advance, Eastern and Islamic medicine.

There is a deep relationship between emotions and physiology which western science and medicine has deliberately turned away from for the past 100 years, “even ordinary conversations about emotional experiences contain many physiological allusions. So there is no question that emotions are accompanied by a vast array of physiological changes, this is why people often describe emotional experiences in physiological terms, such as “My heart was pounding”, “My throat went dry”, “My blood ran cold”, “My skin crawled”, “It was gut wrenching”, “and it took my breath away.”

In the 1920’s physiologist Walter Cannon (erroneously) proposed that the essential mechanism of emotion occurred within the brain, and that bodily responses and other inputs were not needed to fully experience emotions. Much of his research centred on responses that occur in states of hunger or intense emotion (and not normal situations), and led him to propose the “fight of flight response”, his views won over the scientific community of the day and shaped western scientific views for decades to come, others simply built upon his original ideas and assumptions. In 1937 James Papez introduced the Papez circuit, and later in 1950 Paul Maclean suggested the Limbic system of the brain, responsible for emotions, both would later prove flawed and incomplete.

The result of cutting out the body and heart as the centre of emotions would shape the heartless world we now live in today, as many adopted this philosophy around world that emotions ‘were just chemicals’ and ‘it was all in the brain’, the cruelest and most desensitised period in man’s history would follow, WW2 and the rise of Capitalism, secularisation of the christian world was the real motivation because they focused on spirituality and secular Atheist needed a “heartless” society to achieve capitalism. As was often the case they looked for scientific proof for their preconceived ideology that man was just a blank slate waiting to be moulded, an ideology that came to be known as Tabula Rasa. Capitalism was the commercialisation of every aspect of life, literally everything was rationalised and stripped of it’s value then put up for sale and used to make a profit. With this new found belief that “love is a chemical” independent of who the person is, everything was devaluated since nothing had the same meaning any longer, nothing remained sacred in the world of chemicals, not religion, not morality, not women, not chastity, not even the family.

This fatal error and path in western medicine that emotions occurred within the brain alone, ignoring what man already had understood and been studying for millennia would not only shape their understanding of physiology but psychology and psychiatry as well. With the advent of recent advances in technology and the discoveries that came with neuroscience these two fields had to literally throw out the past 100 years of their doctrines and teachings to rewrite the book, this is their history as they teach it. Along with western medicine, psychology ands psychiatry were the foundations that secular Atheism came to build itself upon.

The Islamic’s worlds fundamental understanding of the human being is now proving true after almost a century of being challenged by premature theories based on incomplete science.

The impact of assuming that emotions were manufactured by the brain alone had a significant impact not just on western medicine but religious and secular beliefs as well, it almost certainly fuelled the evolutionary debate which attempted to downgrade the significance of Man in the universe in order to promote their likewise flawed theories that he originated from monkeys, despite the fact that still to this day the missing archeological link their theories relied upon hadn’t been found, there is still a few hundred thousand years gap in the archeological record between their ancient monkeys that fraudulent scientists have been passing on to the scientific community (see piltdown man and other hoax’s designed to shape the views of society) and when they assume Man first appeared on earth.

What was more intriguing were the results of simple human reaction time experiments, or reflexes, the heart decelerated during preparation which resulted in faster reflexes, man reacts to what he senses because the electromagnetic field of the body is the first point of contact with the outside world, then man’s sight hearing and body follow, most martial artists trained at having “superhuman” reflexes would attest to this while lethargic people would have hardly experienced this, Athletes call this being in the “zone”. This led researchers to propose that the feedback to the brain plays a role in accepting or rejecting what is going on in the environment, very literally the heart was telling the brain to block out the world around it, or tune out so the person could focus, a similar mechanism seen in animals when they hunt.

While Islam certainly advanced the idea of evolution in creatures through out history (see past issues of the Journal), it was now being used to attack religion through the manipulation of facts.

Evolutionary assumptions were responsible for the rise of secular Atheism which relied on evolution and psychology to prove that man was just another animal, in order to challenge religious perceptions and secularise society through what is by todays standards pseudo science.

What we know today in physics and quantum mechanics alone could debunk many of their beliefs, which is why new fields of science like biophysics are emerging which establish the relationship between man’s body and the subatomic universe.

Most medical textbooks are replete with diagrams that illustrate the nervous system sending signals from the brain to the organs in line with the idea that the brain produces emotions alone, this fuelled the over rationalised secular Atheist belief that the brain is doing everything, medical textbooks though do not complete the circuit because they omit the existence of the pathways which carry signals from the body to the brain.

“Remarkably we now know that the heart sends more neural traffic to the brain than the brain sends to the heart.”

Most academic theorists now agree that emotion involves, at the most basic level, stimulus from memory in addition to information from the human body (it’s various organs) and the emotional state we are in, and in recent years attempts have been made to determine the correct sequence of these components.

Although even more recently it is now understood that it is indeed possible to have emotional processing in specific brain areas simultaneously with input from the body to the brain, each building on the other to contribute to what we ultimately sense and feel at that moment in time.

It was first observed in the 1970’s that input from the heart and cardiovascular system (nervous system etc) significantly affected perception and behaviour, this was the first time Cannon’s theories were challenged because it was observed that the heart seemed to behave as if it had a mind of it’s own.

Subsequent research also revealed a link between the heart rate response (independent of other parts of the body) to different environmental stimuli, and a persons cognitive attitude to the environment around him. This indicated that the heart’s response was not merely a mechanical (or automatic) response due to signals being sent from the brain, it literally thought on it’s own, which implied it can react before the brain to situations.

What was more intriguing were the results of simple human reaction time experiments, or reflexes, the heart decelerated during preparation which resulted in faster reflexes. This led researchers to propose that the feedback to the brain plays a role in accepting or rejecting what is going on in the environment, very literally the heart was telling the brain to block out the world around it, or tune out so the person could focus, a similar mechanism seen in animals when they hunt.

When the signals from the heart to the brain are compromised by disease, there is less awareness of feeling sensations in the body, evidence now clearly demonstrates that signals from the heart significantly influence the way the brain processes, the signals are not only relayed to the brain so it can balance the body, but they have a separate and specific effect on higher mental processes of the brain related to perception.

This is literally part of the mechanism involved in revelation (wahy), because revelation (knowledge) is revealed to the heart and not the brain.

“In addition to functioning as a sophisticated information processing and encoding centre, the heart is also an endocrine gland, it controls the way our body functions by producing and releasing hormones and neurotransmitters, that travel through out the body to maintain our tissues and organs.”

“So with each beat of our heart it not only pumps blood, but also continually transmits dynamic patterns of neurological, hormonal, pressure, and electromagnetic information to the brain and body. Therefor the multiple inputs from the heart and cardiovascular system to the brain are a major contributor in establishing the dynamics and patterns of the brain.”

The brain familiarises itself with the rhythmic patterns of the heart, whether ordered or disordered, it then regulates the body to keep it’s balance and at the same time process emotions and senses.

The systems of the brain operate essentially as a pattern recognition system, it’s to simplistic and inaccurate to say it processes singles from the body, the brain in reality processes the complete picture being sent to it by the body rather than just individual signals, this old way of thinking is what limited western medicine and gave rise to many incorrect theories in psychology.

It’s like watching a movie, the body is relaying the complete picture to the brain, scene by scene, along with atmospheric effects (feelings) that dramatise the moment, while science and western medicine for a long time assumed the body was sending random and almost unrelated pixels. The incomplete and incorrect understanding of the heart and body inevitably lead to incorrect doctrines that shaped the course of history.

This is where western science fell short in comparison to the Islamic understanding of the human body for more than 100 years, because looking back on western history starting with the dark ages came Europe’s enlightenment then it’s secularisation, there wasn’t a period in western history where they accepted this reality of the heart, until now.

In addition to monitoring and controlling the bodies stability in each moment of time, there are also processes that assess the degree of harmony between the past (moment), what is occurring now, and the projected future, these give rise to more complex emotions like optimism and pessimism, like wise subatomic particles are entangled in more complex ways than just simple reactions, because in the subatomic universe time is a significant factor in how particles behave.

If the body doesn’t perceive (or predict) it is going to return to stability this can give rise to fear or anxiety. In simple terms the body is equipped to process and deal with time itself and what arises due to the passing of time, this is one of the more significant ways in which the western understanding of the human body fell short because they looked at the body in a two dimensional manner, completely ignoring the fact that time even exists and how the body deals with it.

If we were to take this a step up, above this simple view of man, in a Hadith Qudsi Allah said, the “Sons of Adam inveigh against [the vicissitudes of] Time, and I am Time, in My hand is the night and the day” (Bukhari).

Allah created man in His image or likeness, but with human limitations, so that man is capable of knowing Him completely, regarding this mans body must then be capable of understanding and dealing with time. The word for Time used in this Hadith is Dhuhr, in classical Arabic according to the Ullumah (scholars), Dhuhr means the Span of Time, or Time stretched out, so Allah (swt) is saying in regards to knowing His qualities He is “the Span of Time”, His qualities are known through the passing of time and the body must be able to quantify and understand through time.

It was because of this Imam Ali (ra) said “The vision of the eye is limited; the vision of the heart transcends all barriers of time and space”, this is because the heart gives a complete image (picture) of what it is focused on, and not jus a single signal that is relayed to the brain in that second, what it does is more complex than that.

One of the ways an emotion is generated is through the comparison of information received from our external senses, such as sight, sound and smell, against those present in our memories, this occurs almost with out thinking about it, but it is how the feeling of familiarity in new environments occurs.

With this understanding we can view emotions and thought emerging from an intricate array of interactions, occurring within a complex system that is the body, it’s main components include the brain, heart, nervous system, and the hormone system.

Although there are many sources for input to the brain, the heart is given particular importance due to the unique degree of inputs and rhythmic patterns that indicate a change in a persons overall emotional state.

Allah mentions the heart in the Quran often teaching us it has a complex role to play in man’s body;

“Have they not travelled in the land so that they should have hearts with which to understand, or ears with which to hear? For surely it is not the eyes that are blind, but blind are the hearts which are in the breasts.”(22:47)

“Already have We urged unto hell many of the jinn and humankind, having hearts wherewith they understand not, and having eyes wherewith they see not, and having ears wherewith they hear not. These are as the cattle – nay, but they are worse! These are the neglectful.”(7:179)

“They preferred to be with those who remained behind, and a seal is set on their hearts so they do not understand.”(9:87)

“These are they into whose hearts He has impressed faith, and whom He has strengthened with an inspiration from Him: and He will cause them to enter gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein; Allah is well-pleased with them and they are well-pleased with Him these are Allah’s party: now surely the party of Allah are the successful ones.”(58:22)

“Your Allah is one Allah; so (as for) those who do not believe in the hereafter, their hearts are ignorant and they are proud.”(16:22)

“Whosoever believeth in Allah, He guideth his heart. And Allah is Knower of all things.”(64:11)

“Most surely there is a reminder in this for him who has a heart or he gives ear and is a witness.”(50:37)

“And obey not him whose heart we have made heedless of Our Remembrance, who followeth his own lust.” (18:28)

“He it is who sent down peace of reassurance into the hearts of the believers that they might add faith unto their faith.” (48:4)

“He it is who supporteth thee with His Help and with the believers. And (as for the believers) hath attuned their hearts.” (8: 62-63)

“Say (O Muhammad, to mankind) who is enemy to Gabriel! For he it is who hath revealed (this scripture) to thy heart by God’s leave.” (2:97)

“The day when wealth and sons avail not (any man). Save him who bringeth unto Allah a sound heart“ (26: 88-89)

“Whoso is blind in here (this life) will be blind in the Hereafter, and yet further from the road.”(17:22)

(The main source used in writing this was “Heart-Brain Neurodynamics: The Making Of Emotions”)

Ibn Arabi On Imagination and The Creation Of The Universe

a942eea8efa8a1c99f0b39a7afabfda1This work is based on a paper by William Chittick entitled “Death and The World Of Imagination: Ibn al Arabi’s Eschatology”, I have taken this work made corrections to it, expanded it and added explanations through out so it almost won’t be possible to discern the original authors words from mine. This was done because although Chittick’s translations of Ibn Arabi are valuable they contain mistakes in his understanding and explanations.

The author is not a muslim so he doesn’t believe in what He is writing and because of that He can’t fully understand Ibn Arabi, it is only when people believe the same things that they can understand each other completely. Chittick approaches the work of Ibn Arabi as a philosopher while he needs to approach it as a philosopher and physicist at the same time to ground Ibn Arabi statements in the science that he was employing. Everything Ibn Arabi says is about this same Universe we are living in, but somehow you don’t get that from the translations, not Chittick’s or any other westerner who translates His works. Islamic scholars were not just qualified religious scholars they were qualified in physics, mathematics, Astronomy, geometry and other sciences at the same time, so their words are well grounded in science and not the philosophy Islam rejected.

If we can’t understand were the statements of the scholars are coming from it is more than certain it is grounded in the science of their times no matter how that may have fallen short, not philosophy which Islam essentially banned as a method of proving science, where they fail to see the science of the scholars times then they are most certainly based on the words of the prophet (saws) and the Quran as we have shown in previous chapters, which the scholars understood at a level far deeper than the translators are capable of perceiving in these texts.

The universe Allah spoke about in the Quran is the same universe science is discovering today, no one knows it better than Him, hence He is the one who can make the promise (41:53) to show it to mankind before the hour is established and He did this by speaking about it in the Quran, therefor the science of the Universe is already with us but only those with understanding of science can see, “And we strike these similitudes for the people, but no one understands them except those who know.” (29:42).

As we will see from the Imam’s own words He based much of what He said on the very Ahadith and verses in the Quran we quoted earlier, even if they aren’t quoted directly.

Ibn Arabi On Imagination and The Creation Of The Universe

Eschatology is the part of theology concerned with death, judgement, and the final destiny of the soul and of humankind. The scholars who discussed it covered a wide variety of topics, two among them being the voluntary return to Allah which relates to attaining spiritual perfection and the compulsory return which is the death of a person.

Imam Ibn al Arabi discusses both topics at length in his works, he raised the bar regarding their understanding and essentially set the stage for all subsequent scholars to come.

Long before Imam Ibn al-Arabi imagination had been employed in interpreting Islamic eschatological teachings; Ibn Sina had suggested its relevance and Imam al-Ghazali had made extensive use of the lessons and examples it provides. But Imam Ibn al-Arabi was the great exponent of the imagination as the means for understanding the true nature of after-death experience, after all our imagination is made from subatomic particles and so is our soul hence the subatomic part of the universe they exist in are one and the same.

The term imagination refers to the nature of our existence becouse what we are able to imagine represents the sum of our knowledge and personality and in reality how we learn, it plays a fundamental role in both the physical world and the subatomic world (ghayb, the unseen world) because for man it is the medium between both worlds, (a good quick introduction to what Ghayb is and it’s role in mans life is the section on my website dedicated to tafsir al Quran the verses and chapters specifically deal with the subject in the broader sense).

We know our imagination is made from subatomic particles because basically it has to be made from something and particles are the building blocks of all matter, it seems a few scholars understood this in the ancient world although this was not common knowledge so indirect examples were used to describe what it is and how it exists. For example Imam Ibn al-Arabi says that the imagination “is neither existent nor nonexistent, neither known nor unknown, neither affirmed nor denied” (Futuhat al Makiyah), which are simply ways of describing non physical things, if something is physical it is existent, if it isn’t physical then it is non existent in the old manner of speaking, so the image in our mind is non existent but it is also real and created because it is made of something. In this same vein subatomic particles are non existent because they are not physical matter but they are also real and created because they are made of even smaller particles.

The common example of an imaginal (not “imaginary”) reality is the image that a person sees in a mirror: Imam Ibn al Arabi says man “knows for certain that in one respect he has seen his own form, but he also knows for certain that in another respect he has not seen it” (He has not seen his physical form) (Futuhat al Makiyah), such examples are used to point out what the imagination is, of course in our time we are able to give more precise answers to the average person.

Relating to our existence, imagination is situated between the spiritual (subatomic) and the corporeal (physical world), possessing characteristics of both sides. Hence it is often referred to as an “isthmus” (barzakh, a barrier between two things), which is defined as “something that separates two other things”, it is the barzakh that Allah mentions in the Quran which separates our world from ghayb, the unseen world, in modern terms the subatomic world.

In modern science we have the physical world and the subatomic world and there is nothing else, but if we remember the verse about the seven earths or strata Allah has divided our world into regions as it approaches the subatomic which begins after the seventh strata, the barzakh of imagination is a region existing between the two, but this description isn’t an exact science it’s a generalisation because it posses characteristics of both sides so there is overlap. Some part of subatomic space is part the barzakh and some part of physical space is part of the barzakh.

A standard example in our world is the line that divides shadow from sunlight; though we see the line, it exists only because of the two realities it separates, light and darkness. In the same way, the imagination for us separates the spiritual or unseen world (ghayb) from the corporeal or visible world; all of its characteristics are derived from its intermediate situation. It isn’t a seperate part of the universe, it is significant to man because of the role it plays.

In the universe the imaginal world stands between the human soul (al-arwah), which is disengaged or disembodied (mujarrad), luminous, simple (non-compound), and the corporeal human bodies (al-ajasam), which are made from multiple substances. In man the imagination corresponds to the animal self (al-nafs al- hayawani), or the ego, which acts as an intermediary between the body and the disengaged spirit, which was breathed into the human reality by Allah, giving it life (Futuhat al Makiyah).

The characteristic activity of imagination is to embody (tajsid) or give form to that which is disembodied, and to spiritualize (tarawhun), represent spiritually, symbolise, or sublimate (taltif) that which is corporeal (physical), such is the case when we dream. Its intermediate status means that everything that leaves the unseen world for the visible world, or the visible world for the unseen, like the jinn or Angels, must first be imaginalized. Thus, for example, the angels appear to human beings in imaginal form, and revelation is first imaginalized before it takes the sensory form of a scripture. Likewise the visions of spiritual things experienced by the saints take place in the imaginal world; relatively few of them are able to leave imagination behind and enter into the realm of souls and purely intelligible meanings (al-maani al-maqula) (go beyond the imagination and see the real spiritual world, ghayb).

The vast majority of people experience the world of imagination directly in dreams. Imam Ibn al-Arabi says, “Allah placed dreams in (our) world so that all men might witness the World of Imagination and know that there exists another world, similar to the sensory world” (Futuhat al Makiyah). The world of dreams is a bridge between us and the spiritual life of Angels, it helps translate our life to them and their life to us. In dreams “Meanings are transferred from their state of disengagement from material substrata (mawadd, or not having form) into the clothing of material substrata (having form, these forms are made of particles)” (Futuhat al Makiyah) in other words the meanings behind our actions in life are “clothed” given form in the spiritual world, just like our thoughts create images in our mind this is what it means to clothe a thought, give it shape and body and this body is made from subatomic particles.

Imam Ibn al Arabi says a good example of this is the dream of the prophet (saws) who said, “While I was sleeping, I was given a bowl full of milk, and I drank of it to my fill until I noticed its wetness coming out of my nails, and then I gave the rest of it to ‘Umar.” They (the people) asked, “What have you interpreted (about the dream)? O Allah’s Apostle?” He said, “knowledge.” (Bukhair).

Imam Ibn al Arabi says here a disengaged meaning, knowledge, has assumed an appropriate form and become embodied within the world of imagination, the dream.

What many fail to understand is that the bowl of milk was real just as the Angels holding it were real, but it’s meaning is what needed to be clothed and interpreted, in this dream the Angels clothed knowledge with a bowl of milk so the prophet (saws) could receive it, the bowl of milk wasn’t a symbol of knowledge it was the embodiment of knowledge. The essence of this matter is the scholars understanding that knowledge is a (type of) light Allah casts into the heart, which means after a person receives this light they begin to see knowledge in things and light is made of particles just like the bowl and milk in the dream.

This is the truth of dreams they are not simply meanings come to life they embody the real qualities of that meaning, and what ever has form has qualities.

Imam Ibn al-Arabi likes to refer to the Prophet’s saying, “I

[dreamed that I] saw my Lord in the form of a youth.” He says, “The dreamer sees meanings in the form of objects, since the reality of imagination is to embody that which is not properly a body” (Futuhat al Makiyah), in the dream Allah took the form of a youth even though He isn’t bound by form and has none, the meaning behind the dream was what took form and this is the role of subatomic particles since in life they take form to create our physical world and in the dream they take form around the meaning of the dream.

If on the one hand Imam Ibn al-Arabi employs the term imagination to refer to the barzakh (the place) between the spiritual (subatomic) and corporeal (physical) world, on the other he uses it to describe the whole of created reality, which is an isthmus (barzakh) between Being (the universe) and nonexistence (what Allah hasn’t created), very literally the universe is a barzakh (barrier) between us and non existence.

Imam Ibn al Arabi’s understanding aligns well with what we know about subatomic space, the spiritual world ghayb is subatomic space, everything in the physical world originated from there, all Atoms begin from what occurred sub-atomically at the creation of the universe. If Atoms did not exist we would not exist, when the universe was created everything began with the creation of subatomic particles that then formed atoms and our world last of all, so the subatomic world is the barrier between existence and non existence.

This tells us to what extent Imam Ibn al Arabi understood this universe and how much he was in line with modern science.

In a well-known poem in the Fusus al ahkam he writes “Engendered (created) existence (al-kawn) is nothing but imagination (forms the particles have taken), though in reality it is Truth (haqq). Whoever understands this has grasped the mysteries of the Path”.

This is amazing because He is essentially saying everything is created from subatomic particles, but by using the word imagination He is giving us a complete picture because imagination is the act of creating with these particles, He then says “Whoever understands this has grasped the mysteries of the Path”, Islam, this is because every road to Allah goes through this route since all mysteries begin and end with what is occurring sub-atomically in the universe.

The term “engendered existence” is synonymous with the “cosmos” (al- alam), which is defined as “everything other than Allah” (ma siwa Allah). The first line of the poem (which paraphrases the shahada: “There is no god but Allah”) affirms that everything other than Allah is unreal or “imaginal” (because it isn’t lasting and given temporary form); they derive form from Allah, this is how He is the sustainer of the Universe  “Allah is the One who (literally) holds the heavens and the Earth (through the forces holding Atoms together), lest they cease to exist” (35:41)

We are given temporary form through these formless particles, we derive our form from Allah who “imagined” (gave form to) this universe with them and it is a self-manifestation of His reality (Haq). This phrasing is used because the human mind is on the archetype of Allah, the term imagined is the same as created in this respect. We are created in Allah’s image so when we imagine something we likewise move these particles to create the image in our mind, but Allah can give life to what He imagines while we can’t.

Imam Ibn Arabi says: The reality of imagination is transmutation (tabaddul: transformation of these particles) in every state and manifestation (zuhur) in every form (they take). There is no true being which does not accept (or undergo) transmutation except Allah; so there is nothing that possesses Real Being (al-wujud al-muhaqqaq) except Allah (what is our true form, if we loose our form once we die). As for that which is other than Allah, that is imaginal existence (temporary). So when Allah manifests Himself within this imaginal existence (this universe). He only appears in keeping with its reality, not in His Essence (dhat), which possesses true Being (Allah is more than what He has shown to this universe). This is what is meant by Allah’s words, “Everything is perishing except His Face” (28:88), i.e., except His Essence, since no state in the cosmos continues to endure. whether it be engendered (created and given form) or divine. . . . Hence, everything but Allah’s Essence undergoes transformation (istihala), rapid or slow; everything but Allah’s Essence is intervening imagination and vanishing shadow (by comparison). Therefore no engendered existent in this world, (or) in the next, and in whatsoever is between them, neither spirit (Jinn, Angel), nor soul, nor anything other than Allah’s Essence, remains in a single state; on the contrary, it is transmuted from one form to another constantly and forever: imagination is nothing but this, (and this universe is nothing but Allah’s imagination) (Futuhat al Makiyah).

Imam Ibn Arabi calls the imagination by other names, well-known to those familiar with the Imams teachings. Perhaps the most famous is the “Breath of the All-Merciful” (nafas al-rahman) mentioned in verse 32:9.

Imam Ibn Arabi says: “The cosmos (space) in the state of its existence is nothing but the forms that are received by the Cloud and that become manifest within it.” Hence the breath is Allah’s command to subatomic particles (the cloud mentioned earlier in ahadith) to take the form of this universe as He commanded.

This explains how miracles manifest in the physical world, they come into existence by Allah commanding particles to form into matter, Abdullah said “We used to consider miracles as Allah’s Blessings, but you people consider them to be a warning. Once we were with Allah’s Apostle on a journey, and we ran short of water. He said, “Bring the water remaining with you.” The people brought a utensil containing a little water. He placed his hand in it and said, “Come to the blessed water, and the Blessing is from Allah.” I saw the water flowing from among the fingers of Allah’s Apostle, and no doubt, we heard the meal glorifying Allah, when it was being eaten (by him)” (Bukhari).

Imam Ibn Arabi Continues…“So if you look at the reality of the cosmos (space), you will see it as a vanishing accident (aradh, better translated as “incidental characteristics” or temporary qualities). . . , while the fixed substance is the Cloud (solid matter is temporary, vanishes when matter is destroyed, but the smallest subatomic particles are more lasting), which is none other than the Breath of the All-Merciful. All the forms that become manifest in the cosmos are accidents ( have “incidental characteristics”) within the cosmos and may vanish; they are the possible existents (al-mumkinat) and are related to the Cloud as forms are related to a mirror [when different objects are placed in front of it]” (Futuhat al Makiyah).

This is an amazing statement by the Imam because it mirrors modern physics in it’s understanding of how atoms are created and in turn create the universe. The Imam simply said space is created from subatomic particles and it’s characteristics are temporary qualities that can easily change. The term Accident (aradh) is one taken from Islamic physics directly, Islamic scholars who were also physicists called the smallest indivisible particle in the universe ‘Al-Jawhar Al-Fard’ (lit. the unique essence), it is not important what subatomic particle is the indivisible one, this is the concern of modern physics, but that eventually when all particles are divided, the Atom, electron, proton etc we will reach one that is indivisible, they believed this because the universe as the Quran often explains is not infinite, it has an end.

Aradh which is often translated as “Accidents” is better translated as “incidental characteristics”, they are simply attributes (forces) that shape the particles (jawhar), neither of them can exist without the other, in essence this is very similar to modern physics understanding of how smaller particles make up larger particles, the qualities of the larger particle like the Atom only exist once the smaller particles come together to define what that Atom will be like, so because the universe is made from atoms and particles that have temporary qualities, then as the Imam was saying, space itself is temporary in the way it exists, it has “incidental characteristics”.

Allah says in the Quran “(He is) the Knower of the Unseen. Not an atom’s weight (a general translation of the word “Zaratin”), or less than that or greater, escapeth Him in the heavens or in the earth, but it is in a clear Record” (34:3).

Allah referred the knowledge of what the smallest particle is back to himself, some modern translators assume the smallest particle here is referring to the smallest visible thing in the ancient world where by they are filling in the gaps of history, but this is a clear mistake because this subject was spoken about at length in the Islamic world. In Ash’ari and Maturidi Aqeedah which dealt with physics and the creation of the universe, scholars often discussed theoretical physics and how subatomic particles come into existence, particles they clearly stipulate have no magnitude or size until they are affected by the accident (Aradh, force) which is essentially the same as the forces governing our universe, the Atom can’t come into existence until subatomic forces bring protons and electrons together, so in no way was the smallest particle to them the smallest particle seen by the naked eye.

This verse in the Quran states clearly that everything smaller than the “Zaratin” is recorded, so this verse is a clear reference to the existence of subatomic particles, Allah began the verse by saying (He is) the Knower of the Unseen” He was pointing people towards particles the naked eye can’t see because the subjects of the unseen and  particles smaller than the eye can see are mentioned together.

Allah similarly says about His breath in the Quran directing people to what it is referring to;

32:6 Such is the Knower of the Invisible and the Visible, the Mighty, the Merciful,

32:7 Who made all things good which He created, and He began the creation of man from clay;

32:8 Then He made His offspring come into existence from an extract (sperm) of insignificant fluid;

32:9 Then He fashioned him and breathed into him of His (Own) Spirit; and appointed for you hearing and sight and hearts (that take advantage of this soul). Small thanks give ye!

Allah begins the passage about the creation of man by mentioning He is the knower of the visible and invisible, the visible is the physical matter we are created from and the invisible is the subatomic particles everything comes from, the invisible is most relevant to the verse “and breathed into him of His (Own) Spirit” because the soul is entirely made from subatomic particles, while the visible is a reference to clay.

The designation of what Allah breathed into man, to Himself (Of his Own Spirit) means the soul is made from particles from the deepest subatomic depth, above the Throne, these particles are mentioned in the hadith of Jabir they are similar to the first light (particles) He created creation from and the same light He gifted to the prophets to prove who they are, the light of prophethood. “Of His own spirit” then has a similar meaning to “Istiwa”, established Himself on the throne, it simply means the Arsh is the means by which creation can know Him, in modern terms the Arsh is the interface between the Universe and Allah, this is it’s role. Allah in essence “Istiwa” the human soul because at the subatomic depth of the throne that is were Allah established Himself for creation, while the soul is made of finer particles than the Arsh (throne) so it experiences that as well and it was created to do so.

“And they ask you about the soul. Say: The soul is one of the commands of my Lord, and you are not given aught of knowledge but a little.” (17:85), “His command, when He intends anything, is only to say to it: Be, so it is. Therefore glory be to Him in Whose hand is the kingdom of all things, and to Him you shall be brought back.” (36:82-83), “And Our Command is but a single (Act),- like the twinkling of an eye”(54:50).

The description of the soul as a command (Amr) is unique because it is a subtle reference to how Allah began the universe, the laws that govern it and how all particles come into existence from the first particles (light) Allah created, mentioned in the hadith of Jabir (as). There are specific ahadith which mention when the prophets soul was created at the first moments of creation and from what it was created, Shaykh Abd al-Qadir al Ginlani (d. 561) who was one of the major scholars of Islam, in his book Sirr al-asrar fi ma yahtaju ilayh al-abrar (p. 12-14 of the Lahore edition) said: “Know that…Allah first created the soul of Muhammad from the light of His beauty, as He said: I created Muhammad from the light of My Face, and as the Prophet said: The first thing Allah created is my soul, and the first thing Allah created is the Pen, and the first thing Allah created is the intellect”, these ahadith are referring to the many things Allah created at the first moments of creation from the same particles (light).

The soul was created around the same time as the pen more than likely from the same particle, while the Throne of Allah was created later, “when Allah wished to create creation, he divided that Light (particle) into four parts and from the first (type of particle) made the Pen, from the second (particle) the Tablet, from the third (particle) the Throne”.

In literal terms the verse says the soul is one of the Laws in the universe, meaning it is something that shapes this universe just like the Laws of Allah, the soul gives life and this is what it means to bring to life you are in command of the universe giving Life. The laws of physics are in command over what they affect, therefor the verse means the soul is subservient to Allah but just like one of the Laws in the universe it is in control of the universe within the physiology of man giving him life.

To illustrate this, to date there is one particle we have discovered that has some of these qualities, it behaves like one of the laws of the universe and is a particle, although it comes from a shallower part of subatomic space, the Higgs field which is made up of the Higgs boson particle gives other particles Mass, this particle essentially helped decide how matter would form in space when the universe was being created becouse Mass decides how particles move, this particle was so significant in deciding how things were to be in the universe that physicists took to calling it the god particle. It would not be surprising that other particles exist that also have significant consequences on life in space. The Higgs particle is more than likely the particle the prophet (saws) referred to as the “Angel” in the hadith we quoted earlier, because Angels govern this universe from subatomic space and that particle governed every subatomic particle that formed after it.

Allah says in the Quran “We certainly created man and know what his self whispers to him, and We are closer to him than [his] jugular vein”(50:16). Allah doesn’t move He has no location so the closeness is what He gave us to be close to him, the jugular vein is in the neck it caries blood from the head to the face this vein is used as an expression of closeness to our face because the face is our identity, hence the jugular vein is the limit of physical closeness to our face, in Allah saying He is closer than our face to us, by referring to something inside us, He is referring to the subatomic part of our physiology.

Allah “istiwa” (is established) on the throne and because mans soul is made from the finest particles in the universe and it is a part of our physiology it means we are connected to this depth of the universe, man in his self can reach that depth to know Allah and what he created, this is a step above the Angels who were created from a part of the Universe created later, “when Allah wished to create creation, he divided that Light (particle) into four parts and from the first (particle) made the Pen, from the second (particle) the Tablet, from the third (particle) the Throne, and then he divided the fourth [part] into four [other] parts (particles) and from the first (particle) he created the bearer of the Throne, from the second (particle) the Chair (Kursi), from the third (particle) the rest of the angels.”

The Angels bore witness to this fact in the prophet (saws) when He (saws) went beyond “sidrat al muntaha” to the position of “two bows length”, meaning the prophet (saws) traveled beyond the Arsh to the limit of what the soul can reach, while Jibril (as) who was accompanying Him the entire journey said to Him ‘I can not go any further’, once they approached that depth.

A creature can only fly if Allah gave it “wings” so man can only reach this far because of what Allah placed in him.

But man is made from constituent parts, the soul and the “clay” and “clay”, physical matter, was created last in this universe, in this way among the creatures Allah created we are the first with Him, and the lowest in our type of existence because of our bodies.

Referring to His (saws) light of prophethood, which was the first particle (light) the universe was created from before the light (particle) was divided, the messenger of Allah (saws) said “I am from Allah and the believers are from me, and Allah created all souls from me (my particles) in the spiritual world and He did so in the best form” (Abdul Qadir al Jilani).

It’s explained in Ahadith we quoted in the previous chapters that Allah created everything in the universe from the “cloud” (or smoke in that translation) which He extracted from the “water”. This is the exhalation of Allah from which all created beings take shape, just as the light of words take shape within human breath, we understand the reality behind them when we hear them, we don’t just hear a sound being made. It is called an exhalation because this is the Cloud (al-ama) “within” which was Allah—according to the Prophet—“before” He created the creatures, “within” here has a similar meaning to “Istiwa” because at this time there was no throne and it was almost the only thing in existence and Allah chose it to know Him.

When the prophet (saws) was asked were was Allah before he created the creatures, the prophet (saws) replied “in a cloud neither above which nor below which was any space.” (Tabari)

This may seem like it is talking about the time before the universe was created but it isn’t, this is a specific question referring to the moment before Allah created the Angels, who were his first creatures to exist. From the Hadith of Jabir and the other Ahadith quoted in the previous chapters, we know one of the last things Allah created was the Nun which is the space we see in the night sky and the first things created were the subatomic particles along with dark matter and dark energy, basically the stuff the blackness of space is made from. So their was no space at that point in time neither above or below the cloud because space hadn’t been created yet, but there where particles which is the cloud.

Our sense of direction comes from the fact space exists as we know it but if we unravel space we unravel time as well which is created by the universe, this is why space and time are joined together, and all directions as we know them would be gone.

So why is it called a cloud, if we look at the light coming from a light bulb that light is made from small subatomic particles called photons, when they are all bunched together they look like a “cloud” of light we see coming from the light bulb so the simile is very accurate, the smoke is another name translators sometimes use for this cloud.

The cloud is a simile for those particles and matter that existed at the beginning of the universe, so then why is there no space above or below, this is a technical question which has to do with time and the fact solid matter hasn’t been created yet.

To begin the particles that atoms are made from don’t look like Atoms because a particle as used in elementary particle physics is created because of an excitation in the subatomic field it comes from. Meaning the Higgs Boson particle is created when something excited the Higgs field, every particle is created from a particle field spread out in space and when something reacts with this field it creates the particle from it. Allah amazingly said this in the Quran, “Allah is the Light (particles) of the heavens and the earth. The example of His light (particles) is like a niche within which is a lamp” (24:35) a niche is a small hole in a large wall, the niche is the small pocket in the particle field and the particle (lamp) comes from this niche (field). So basically if we are at the point in time in the universe when only elementary particles exist and all that would have existed at this time are these flat particle fields that haven’t developed into solid matter, space or anything else, very literally there would have been no space above or below because it hadn’t been created.

Regarding time, “Time and space, according to Einstein’s theories of relativity, are woven together, forming a four-dimensional fabric called “space-time.” The mass of the Earth dimples this fabric, like a heavy person sitting in the middle of a trampoline. Gravity, says Einstein, is simply the motion of objects following the curvaceous lines of the dimple (gravity is the result of the earth bending space which becomes a force on the things on it). Our planet spins, and the spin twists the dimple, slightly, pulling it around into a 4-dimensional swirl”, four dimensional because it includes time.

In 2004 scientists did an experiment in space to prove this, they “put a spinning gyroscope into orbit around the Earth, with the spin axis pointed toward some distant star as a fixed reference point. Free from external forces, the gyroscope’s axis should continue pointing at the star–forever. But if space is twisted, the direction of the gyroscope’s axis should drift over time. By noting this change in direction relative to the star, the twists of space-time could be measured.”

spacetime4.html

“More recently this year scientists recorded the sound of two black holes colliding a billion light-years away, it made a fleeting chirp that fulfilled the last prediction of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. That faint rising tone, physicists say, is the first direct evidence of gravitational waves, the ripples in the fabric of space-time that Einstein predicted. It completes the vision of a universe in which space and time are interwoven and dynamic, able to stretch, shrink and jiggle.”

If we unravel the particles and matter space is created from then we also unravel the flow of time because they are interwoven together since the creation of the universe created time with it.

Hence literally the deeper we go sub-atomicaly we are going into a part of the universe were the building blocks of time don’t exist and the closer we near the Arsh of Allah, the limit of subatomic space, the more timeless we become, dreams are good example of this, scientifically an hour long dream only takes about 2 or 3 seconds in real life, the dream world is simply a world we created from subatomic particles which we experience with our consciousness, and as physics is now understanding our consciousness is a state of matter created from subatomic particles, like solids or liquids or gas’s are and it is subject to the same laws of physics subatomic particles are including the fantastic things quantum mechanics has discovered.

Allah affirms this fact about the universe and time in the Quran, “The angels and the Spirit ascend to Him in a day, the measure of which is fifty thousand years.”(70:4), “((Whereby) the angels and the Spirit) i.e. Gabriel (ascend unto Him) unto Allah (in a Day whereof the span) the span of ascending it for other than the angels (is fifty thousand years)” (Tanwir al Miqbas min Tafsir Ibn Abbas).

Ascending to him means they travel to his Arsh (throne), had this meant Gabriel traveled for 50000 thousand years of our time just to fulfil a single task then that would take more time than most of humanity had been on earth and the Angels actions would not be relevant to our lifetime because people would die before they return to carry out Allah’s decree. Another clear proof of this is the prophets (saws) night Journey the prophet (saws) traveled to Jerusalem and through the seven Heavens all the way to the Arsh (throne), saw what He did, learnt what He learnt and returned home all in a single night, the scholars said the event took no longer than the time it takes to have a dream, this was because he was traveling this universe through Ghayb (it’s unseen parts).

But the clearest example yet is found in another verse in the Quran which at it’s heart shows the nature of the Miraj of our prophet (saws). When Queen Bilqis went from yemen to visit the prophet Sulaiman (as) in Jerusalem He (saws) said “O chiefs! Which of you can bring me her throne before they come to me surrendering themselves in obedience (as Muslims).”

An Ifrit from the Jinn (the strongest type of Jinn) said: (Mujahid said, “A giant Jinn.” Abu Salih said, “It was as if he was a mountain.”) I will bring it to you before you rise from your place (throne, meaning instantly). And verily, I am indeed strong and trustworthy for such work. Sulayman, upon him be peace, said, “I want it faster than that.” When Sulayman said, I want it faster than that, “One with whom was knowledge of the Scripture said I will bring it to you within the twinkling of an eye!” (even faster than the Jinn).

Ibn Abbas said, “This was Asif, the scribe of Sulayman.” It was also narrated by Muhammad bin Ishaq from Yazid bin Ruman that he was Asif bin Barkhiya’ and he was a truthful believer who knew the Greatest Name of Allah. (Tafsir Ibn Kathir, 27:38-40)

In the twinkling of an eye means before you need to blink, both the Ifrit and Sulaiman’s scribe said they could bring it in no time at all because traveling in Ghayb takes no time by our awareness of time, we should also consider the fact Isa (Jesus) presently lives in Ghayb, a place not in “physical” space, Jannah.

So before Allah created the Angels He hadn’t finished the building blocks of time yet, and our space relies on the existence of time because the reactions of particles, matter and energy occur with our flow of time and it is movement and direction, if this seems difficult imagine our space existing but time doesn’t, it isn’t possible the two rely on each other. Time in the universe has to be thought of like it is a substance because it is attached to space, many still hold to the belief that what is referred to by time here is the ticking of the clock after which they assert that because it is just human observation or something we are measuring time then does not really exist, many philosophers and islamic scholars asserted this, like Imam Ibn Arabi, but this is time in relation to human awareness and consciousness, we invented the measurement of time we didn’t invent time itself.

When the Imam makes His argument he quotes the following verses in the Quran; “the Imam’s ultimate argument is that time, as he says, is an illusory thing, non-existent. Because of this, Allah attributes it universally to Himself, in His words, Allah is to everything All-knowing [Q. 33:40] and To Allah belongs the matter, before and after [Q. 30:4], and in the Sunna, the petitioner’s phrase is confirmed, Where was our Lord before He created His creation? If Time were an existent thing itself, Allah would not be truly removed from limitation, as the force of Time would limit Him. So we understand that this phrasing has over it no existent matter.”

As we will see time only exists in our universe because our universe created it, and Allah isn’t bound by the universe or anything in it.

When Allah wanted to teach man about time He related the matter back to physics, the forces in the universe and the revolution of the planets around the sun to show how it exists. It isn’t certain if the Imam was aware of the following Hadith because it is more literal than the verses He quoted to make his argument. In a hadith Qudsi Allah said the “Sons of Adam inveigh against [the vicissitudes of] Time, and I am Time, in My hand is the night and the day” (Bukhari, Muslim), when Allah says He is something it means it exists and has a strong relationship to his qualities, because all events occur in time Allah’s qualities are known through time so He said “I am Time”. The other remarkable thing about this hadith is the relationship between time and the alternation of night and day, when Allah says something is in his hand He is referring to a force in the universe, here the sun’s gravity which pulls on the planets making them rotate around it, so Allah is pointing towards gravity which is the bending of spacetime to understand what time is.

What we are referring to is the time that the universe created and matter relies on. If time didn’t exist for the universe then gravity wouldn’t be accelerating falling objects to earth at 9.8 meters per second and on the moon at 1.62 meters per second, irrespective of whether humans existed or not, this is the time matter relies on. “If time didn’t exist then all events would be simultaneous and there would be no defined points. Space curves and bends with events in time so it must exist.”

“Time is not an independent variable, it is strictly related to space. So if time does not exist then space would not exist. Think of “time” as a clock like the one that makes computer CPU’s run: it is something “orthogonal” (at right angles) to space. What I mean is that time is a fourth dimension whose spacial projection is the center of any mass (from which actually 3d space coordinates departs). So “time” is not perceivable nor measurable like “space”, rather its measurement is in term of “space modification”.

If time didn’t exist then the flow of time, our experience of time, in the universe would be constant everywhere but it isn’t. Time is the movement of all matter, when you go subatoimicly you expierince time direfently, you experience more time, you live longer in a shorter period of time compared to earth. In the Quran Allah says the Angels ascend to him in a day whose length is 50,000 years (by our account), the prophets (saws) Isra wal Miraj occured in the same time it took to have a dream, and the scrbe of Sulaiman brought Him the throne of Bilqees from yemen to Jerusalem in a shroter amount of time than it took to blink. When we go sub atomically we become more timeless because our flow of time relies on the existence of Mass and there is less of it sub atomically.

Because matter and particles in subatomic space created the universe in stages until it reached the inkwell (our space, the container of all subatomic matter) the flow of time was progressively created with it, the Higgs field exists at a specific subatomic depth it gives particles greater than it Mass and as physics states “time exists only where mass exists” and Mass in the universe increases as you approach the physical world.

We should note much of this is still being established in physics because scientists haven’t been able to establish the direct connection between the physical world represented by the general theory of relativity which explains gravity and large-scale phenomena such as the dynamics of stars and galaxies in the universe and quantum mechanics which explains microscopic phenomena from the subatomic to molecular scales.

There is gap in our understanding of how these are connected, obviously they are because there is no gap in space between the physical and subatomic but it isn’t known how space and time are literally interwoven. Presently it is emerging that quantum entanglement is the source of space time, “Space-time, is just a geometrical picture of how stuff in the quantum system is entangled”, the term space time here is interchangeable with how every 3 dimensional object is created because every particle it is made of is entangled with those around it to make it form like that.

Quantum entanglement explains how particles form the objects of our world almost as if particles have a DNA blue print to follow; “Gravity in a three-dimensional volume (an object) can be described by quantum mechanics on a two-dimensional surface surrounding the volume (object) (think particles are relatively flat to solid matter so gravity is treated in objects layer by layer of particle in the object). In particular, the three dimensions of the volume should emerge from the two dimensions of the surface.”

Quantum entanglement is a subatomic “information carrier”, if we think about a heater heating a room the hot particles from the heater make contact with the cold particles of the room, they then entangle with each other and quantum entanglement carries the information (state) of the hot particle and tells the cold particle to become like it, hot, in this way a room is heated as the cold particles slowly copy the state of the hot particles, quantum entanglement does this for every single type of reaction in the universe it is how all particles interact with each other, essentially it is how everything occurs.

Presently it is believed quantum entanglement decides how the particles of all physical objects shape or create the object layer by layer, almost like a 3d printer prints the object layer by layer, not just because entanglement passes on information, the entanglement of all particles in a region like a giant spider web creates an atmosphere that influences what occurs sub atomically. Even though we are in the process of establishing all this, it is very significant Islamically because Allah states that He literally surrounds all things in Knowledge (65:12) which means every particle, and knowledge here does not mean words in a book it is a reference to how things come to be created.

“It is Allah Who created the seven heavens and of the earth, it’s like. The command (laws of physics) comes forth between them (subatomic space) so that perhaps you would know that Allah is Powerful over everything and that Allah, truly, enclosed everything in Knowledge.” (65:12), after Allah mentions the laws of physics and subatomic space He then explains how everything is enclosed in knowledge, the term here relates to the laws of the universe just mentioned in the verse and refers to how objects form since the verse begins with Allah creating the universe, the context of the entire verse.

Quantum entanglement projects data on the two dimensional surface of all objects as it forms, this allows for the computation of energy density which is a source of gravitational interactions, this method is emerging as a possible way to unify general relativity with quantum mechanics.

Quantum entanglement is very significant because it is believed that it creates time and Allah says He is time, when Allah says He is something it means it is encompassing of all His qualities, translators often translate verse 65:12 as “enclosed everything in His knowledge” and Allah says elsewhere in the Quran His Kursi surrounds all things, “His Kursi (footstool) encompasses the heavens and the earth”(2:255), the Kursi is a subatomic field at the lowest depths in space like the Higgs field, while the Arsh is sidrat al muntaha (the furthest depths of subatomic space), the companions explained that His Kursi is His knowledge (buhkari) hence it has a role in quantum entanglement and the data it projects onto objects. (Our article “The Depth Of The Heart Is The Depth Of The Subatomic Universe and It Ends With The Arsh Of Allah” in the Islamic Journal (05) explains the Arsh and Kursi further).

Quantum entanglement relies on particles and the forces of the universe that create them. Concerning the day of resurrection, Allah says: ‘On that Day eight shall bear the Throne of thy Lord’ (69:17), Imam Ibn al-Arabi said that when this verse was recited before the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, he said ‘And today (in the world) they are four’, ‘And tomorrow (in the Hereafter) they will become eight’ (Futuhat).

“Imam Ibn al-Arabi then explains that al-ʿarsh (usually translated as ‘the Throne’) in Arabic has two meanings: it can either mean the chair of the king, or it can also mean the kingdom itself (the kingdom is the Universe since the Arsh like the Kursi is a subatomic field spread out in space). According to the second meaning, he says that the bearers of the Throne or the Kingdom are those who are in charge of its affairs (carying it in the hadith means responsible for it’s affairs, they don’t literally carry it), and these are like the four supports or pillars (awtad) that hold up the tent or the house (the universe).”

“These four Throne-bearers who maintain the Kingdom (Universe) of Allah in this world (before it ends) are the four primary archangels: ʿAzraʾil (the angel of death), Jibraʾil (Gabriel, the Messenger of Allah), Mikhaʾil (Michael who is in charge of the earths and nature) and Israfil (Seraphiel who will blow the trumpet, in charge of ending the universe). With respect to the angels, Imam Ibn al-Arabi indicates in his book Insha al-Dawaʾir (Constructing the Circles): ‘They are called angels (malaʾika) because they are links or conductors that link the godly rules (laws of physics) and the divine effects with material worlds, because al-malak, the angel, in Arabic means force or intensity’.”

“Thus, we can correlate these four archangels that bear the Throne with the four fundamental forces in Nature, which are: the force of gravity, the electromagnetic force, the weak nuclear force, and the strong nuclear force, on which the Cosmos is constructed. Thus, these four forces can be conceived as manifestations of these four prime archangels.”

The Angels are created from Light, Light in the Quran is a simile for subatomic particles, hence keeping in mind these are the first Angels Allah created at the beginning of the universe one after the other from the first particles in existence; “In explanation of this, if we want to compare these four angels with the four fundamental forces that operate in Nature, we can clearly see, for example, a correspondence between gravity and the angel of death, since both operate upon forms or bodies, and they always attract everything down to the earth. We can also see a clear relationship between the electromagnetic force and Michael (who is charge of nature and the planets), because both are responsible for subsistence and nourishment, when we recall that all the food we eat is in some way produced by light and heat, both of which are electromagnetic waves (forces) emitted by the sun and other energy sources.”

Jibril is the Angel of revelation, in charge of inspiration in mans heart, the strong nuclear force is the strongest of the four and is responsible for binding together the fundamental particles of matter to form larger particles, essentially the creation of matter in the universe. This corresponds with Jibril who brings together the subatomic elements in mans heart responsible for his inspiration and the visions that prophets see. Dreams are a miniature universe we experience and both they and visions are made from subatomic particles that have bound together to create it. The weak nuclear force corresponds to Israfil the Angel who will end the universe because the weak force plays a greater role in things falling apart, or decaying and after He blows the trumpet the universe will unravel, particles will fall apart and disintegrate into nothingness.

Jibril (as) corresponds to the forces of creation and guidance in the universe because Allah teaches what is being created has meaning and purpose behind it, these are the higher aspects of life. Mikail (as) correspond to the forces of life, what creates it and what sustains it, of the two Angels Mikail is the elder, Life is the most precious thing with Allah and He placed Mikail in charge of it. Azrail (as) corresponds to the forces of Death and the things that bring it about, and Israfil (as) to the forces of destruction.

The following are technical notes but the matter should be explained; The arrow of time is the “one-way direction” of time, it moves forward, the arrow of time relies on the reactions of subatomic particles to exist, particles need energy to react, the thermodynamic arrow of time is explained by the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which says that in an isolated system, entropy (complexity and disorder in the universe) tend to increase with time, entropy is also the energy that is unavailable for use (the remainder of energy) in the universe and time is the measurement of the rate of entropic change (complexity which causes energy to be unavailable for use by things in the universe) because that is the overall direction of the universe as it expands.

Think of the building blocks of the universe getting more complex over time from it’s beginning, it is a general law that this occurs, the universe kept getting more complex until all physical matter and creatures were created, physical matter was the limit of how particles evolved.

Looking at the bigger picture, the cosmological arrow of time points in the direction of the universe’s expansion. It may be linked to the thermodynamic arrow, with the universe heading towards a Big Chill as the amount of usable energy in the universe becomes negligible, so from all this it means the continued expansion of the universe relies on time existing and the expansion created the space (direction) and time we know today.

In Ahadith the prophet (saws) points to a point in time when Allah began this expansion, so before that it hadn’t started yet, this is the same point in time we are referring to when the “cloud” was extracted from the “water” Allah began expanding the universe after this, essentially the big bang and the moment Allah began expanding the universe are two seperate events.

This understanding sheds light on what the soul actually is, since it is made from the first particles in existence which are almost timeless because they exist at the deepest levels of subatomic space almost free from the constraints of spacetime.

Some of the classical scholars of Tassawwuf understood this but not in the context of particles that the soul is made from; The soul quickens the body this is how it give’s it life from death, inanimate means complete stillness of matter while animate is movement and life. Inanimate objects are dead in time and a complete slave to it’s flow and laws, which means in contrast the soul is almost timeless and has qualities closer to Allah who is free of the universe. Allah is not bound by time, if we consider the flow of time in the universe and the creation of space neither are the particles of the soul, what this means is that in the material sense death is to be a complete slave to the flow of time and the laws of the universe while life means to be free of them and to have choice and free will. Man has this because of his soul but his body limits him to the constraints of the universe, so it is the soul that gives life to the dead body. All subatomic particles move through space ignoring it’s laws as if the universe was not even there but they are bound by the laws of subatomic space, the particles of the soul are even less bound by these laws because of the depth of subatomic space they exist in.

Allah entangled the particles of the soul with the Human body in the womb, this process He likened it to breathing the soul into the womb, “And (remember) her (Marry) who guarded her chastity: We breathed into her of Our spirit (“Our spirit” means the particles come from the deepest subatomic depths), and We made her and her son a sign for all peoples” (21:91), “then [He] formed him (man) and breathed of His (own) Spirit into him and gave you hearing, sight and hearts. What little thanks you show!” (Surat as-Sajda:9).

Allah in contrast to man is not bound by creation but as the prophet (saws) said about free will for us it is half and half, the body must follow the laws of the universe while the soul gives us freedom. If we consider the creatures Allah created we have the most free will because our soul is unique while the rest have it to lesser degrees until we reach the Angels who don’t have it, they can make choices within their constraints but their isn’t enough freedom to call them free. The qualities we see in the Human soul are only there because of the qualities that exist in the subatomic particles it is created from, we only have free will because Allah placed it in the very things we are created from and they give us this ability.

The forms created from the cloud, that exists in the universe whether living or inanimate are the manifestation of Allah’s Names (qualities) and Attributes, names like the breath of the merciful or His Imagination draw a more complex picture for mankind living 1400 years ago of how this occurred because we can relate to them in our self, Imam Jalal al Din Rumi wrote:

“Know that the creatures are pure and limpid water,

shining within them the Attributes of Almighty Allah.

Their knowledge, their justice,

their kindness are stars of heaven reflected in flowing water.

Kings manifest Allah’s Kingness.

the learned display His Knowledge.

Generations have passed, and we are a new generation—

the moon is the same, but the water has undergone change . . . .

All pictured forms are reflections in the river’s water—

when you rub your eyes, you see that all are He!”.

This understanding of how the universe came into existence was common knowledge among the scholars of that time, Imam Ibn Arabi for example lived in Spain while Imam Rumi lived in Persia yet He (as) was writing poetry about the same knowledge. Did the scholars literally understand all matter was created from small particles and they intern where created from smaller particles and this went on and on, absolutely, the fact is many debates where held over the nature of these particles and whether the universe was infinite or these particles had an end, orthodox Islam came to the conclusion that eventually there was an end and the universe is not infinite, Allah states this in the Quran very clearly when he mentions sidrat al muntaha, literally the end or limit of the subatomic universe beyond which no created being has any knowledge, exactly as the prophet (saws) explained.

Imam al Ghazali, Imam Suyuti and many others all wrote very similar things, some expanded on it more than others but the underlaying knowledge was all the same, the foundation for it all where the words of the prophet (saws) and physics and in the ancient world the schools of Aqeedah (creed and theology) dealt with physics and taught how the universe was created, these scholars expanded on that foundation. Most of them followed the Ashari school of Aqeedah and some followed the Maturidi school, the former was more common among the great scholars of Islam and the later among the common people. They essentially taught the same thing but where they differed was on the big questions of cosmology, how the Universe was created and it’s nature.

Some scholars understood better than others that ghayb is the subatomic part of our universe and put the bigger picture together clearer than others, Imam Ibn al Arabi was one such scholar whose work was well ahead of his time.

To understand this picture better we should envision the Prophet Musa (saws) when Allah removed the veils so He (as) could see Him, what direction was that occurring in was He looking up at the sky into the darkness of space or the mountain in front of Him (as). Allah didn’t show Him (as) the furthest distance in the Universe because that is where the Arsh (throne) is, He removed the veils from the space directly above the mountain in front of him until He reached Allah’s light and the mountain crumbled, which means Allah unraveled the forms particles and matter had taken (these are the veils) until He reached the end of subatomic space which is the Arsh, then Allah unraveled it so He could see His light directly which is beyond it, the Arsh is the largest thing Allah created because it exists throughout all created space at it’s furthest subatomic depths and surrounds the universe as well, the term Arsh is a metaphor it isn’t a throne and never was, the Higgs field exists everywhere in space and gives all particles their Mass, in a similar way the Arsh is a field that exists in space and allows everything in the universe to connect with Allah and know Him.

Because all creatures are signs displaying Allah’s Names and manifesting His creative Word, all are constantly “speaking”, in other words displaying His qualities that He endowed them with throughout their life: “There is nothing that does not proclaim His glory, but you do not understand their glorification” (27:44). Imam Ibn al Arabi comments: “No form that exists in the world, and the world is nothing but forms, that is not glorifying it’s creator with a special praise with which He has inspired it” (al Futuhat, II).

Man plays a unique role among the world’s creatures since he was created to be vicegerent (khalifah) to Allah, meaning containing the most of His qualities within him. According to the Prophet, man was created “upon Allah’s Form”; he manifests the All-Comprehensive Name (Allah) and thus reflects all other Names (qualities) as well, this is one meaning of the Quranic declaration that Allah “taught Adam all the Names”, He placed them in his heart to manifest their qualities in his self.

Allah created the Universe with two realms one unseen, the subatomic realm, and one sensory the physical realm; Imam Ibn al Arabi says: “Know also that the Reality (Allah) has described Himself as Being the Outer (al Zahir) and the Inner (al Batin). He brought the Cosmos into being as constituting an unseen realm and a sensory realın …” So one reflects one type of qualities while the other another type of qualities, man is unique among the creatures because he is made from a complete spectrum of matter, with Allah’s “two hands”, hence he can display all the qualities.

Imam Ibn al-Arabi divided the Cosmos into five hierarchical planes or types of existence. They are as follows 1-Hadharat ‘Alam al Ghayb or al-Mutlaq, i.e. the Divine Existence; 2-Hadharat ‘Alam al-A’yan al-Thabita, i.e. the presence of the archetypes, this is Allah’s knowledge of everything before He created it, 3-Hadharat Alam al-Malakut, i.e., the presence of the purely spiritual and angelic existences, the creatures made of subatomic particles; 4-Hadharat Alam al-Mulk, i.e., the presence of the material existences, animals etc; 5-Hadharat Alam al-Insan al-Kamil, I.e., the presence of the Perfect Man, the highest type of existence because it combines the full spectrum of matter both spiritual and physical.

Imam Ibn al Arabi said the Cosmos as a whole is evolutionary, and it is a result of the continuous evolutionary process of the divine order “Be” As everything is a gradual expression of Allah’s power, it belongs to a defined level of graduation in the Cosmos, the creation began with a command and continued to evolve from a single particle (light) over time into the complex universe we see today.

Evolution of the universe was a common understanding among many muslim scholars and the source for Darwin’s theory on evolution who learnt it from Islamic text prevalent at the time, his family was also known for studying them, Imam Ibn al Arabi goes on to say “Then creation continued in the earth, minerals, then vegetations, then animals, and then Man. Allah made the last of every one of these kingdoms of the first of the next kingdoms…The last of the animal and the first of mankind is the monkey”, translators in Europe would have taken this statement at face value, a common mistake in almost everything they translated, but the Imam is saying that Allah created creatures in gradual steps independent of each other but they are related archetypes.

Considering science at the time hadn’t discovered everything their is to know about the universe, the Imam identified 28 different kingdoms of existential graduation, between every kingdom is a transitional species and some link, beginning with the Angelic and spiritual type of existence and the last kingdoms are the earthly existences.

Imagination employed as a synonym for the Cloud or for the Breath of the All-Merciful is described as being “non delimited” (mutlaq, without limit), since (the subatomic particles) as the infinite Self-manifestation of Allah, it can act as a receptacle for any form (Allah wants them to have) whatsoever.

In contrast the particular ontological realm within the cosmos (the universe) which is also known as “imagination” and which acts as an isthmus (barrier, this is the nun and Barzakh) between the spiritual world and the corporeal bodies (space where the particles our imagination manipulates, exist) is described as “discontiguous” (munfasil, disconnected because it is a barrier); while space is dependant on the imagination of Allah to exist it is independent of creatures; the Imagination of Allah in turn is contrasted with “contiguous (muttasil, connected) imagination,” the imagination (of man) that is reliant on the existence of the universe, that is the imagination of “animal man” (al-insan al-hayawani), the individual who has not attained to the spiritual degrees of the saints and the Perfect Man (al-insan al-kamil).

Imagination is discontiguous if it is independent of the subject that perceives it, “contiguous” if it depends upon the individual mind.

Hence, Imam Ibn Arabi says: The contiguous kind disappears with the disappearance of the imaginer (man), while the discontiguous kind (Allah’s and the perfect man) is an essential ontological level, forever receptive toward meanings and spirits, which it embodies through its intrinsic nature. (Al Futuhat II)

To the extent that it is perceived by man, discontiguous imagination comes from “outside” (min kharij). “It is an independent and integral ontological level made up of embodied forms that are put on like clothing by meanings and spirits” (Futuhat II).

In the Imams words is the explanation for the miracles of the prophets and saints, when they attain perfection they can Will the type of miracle they want into existence because Allah gives them this ability over the universe, as they imagine it the universe and it’s particles move for them. This is clearly expressed in many miracles of the prophet’s and companions where they wilfully choose the type of miracle they want to occur and it occurs as they will it, they are independent of influence (contiguous).

Allah affirms the imams understanding in a number of Ahadith Qudsi, referring to man’s imagination and his relationship to Allah the Prophet (saws) said, “Allah the Most High said, ‘I am as My servant thinks I am (the universe is as the person sees it to be). I am with him when he mentions Me. If he mentions Me to himself, I mention him to Myself; and if he mentions Me in an assembly, I mention him in an assembly greater than it. If he draws near to Me a hand’s length, I draw near to him an arm’s length. And if he comes to Me walking, I go to him at speed.’” (Bukhari)

The universe is as the person sees it to be, the imperfect person will suffer his imperfections as his delusions rule his self, while the perfect person will see it and Allah as it is. The underlaying knowledge is that a person can shape his universe or be shaped by it and the path to achieving this is Ihsan (perfection of the self), for the person who reaches perfection Allah raises them to Himself, makes their image of Him complete, so they can shape the universe (create miracles) as they want which the following ahadith state.

The prophet (saws) then said “If Allah has loved a servant [of His], He calls Gabriel (on whom be peace) and says: ‘I love So-and-so, therefore love him.’” He (the Prophet – peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “So Gabriel loves him. Then he (Gabriel) calls out in heaven, saying: ‘Allah loves So-and-so, therefore love him.’ And the inhabitants of heaven love him.” He (the Prophet – peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Then acceptance is established for him on earth. And if Allah has abhorred a servant [of His], He calls Gabriel and says: ‘I abhor So-and-so, therefore abhor him.’ So Gabriel abhors him. Then Gabriel calls out to the inhabitants of heaven: ‘Allah abhors So-and-so, therefore abhor him.’” He (the Prophet – peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “So they abhor him, and abhorrence is established for him on earth.” (Bukhari, Malik, Tirmidhi)

The first step in this is Allah establishing acceptance in the universe for the person who reaches perfection, then the Messenger of Allah (saws) said: “Allah (mighty and sublime be He) said: Whosoever shows enmity to someone devoted to Me, I shall be at war with him. My servant draws not near to Me with anything more loved by Me than the religious duties I have enjoined upon him, and My servant continues to draw near to Me with supererogatory works so that I shall love him. When I love him I am his hearing with which he hears, his seeing with which he sees, his hand with which he strikes and his foot with which he walks. Were he to ask [something] of Me, I would surely give it to him, and were he to ask Me for refuge, I would surely grant him it. I do not hesitate about anything as much as I hesitate about [seizing] the soul of My faithful servant: he hates death and I hate hurting him.” (Bukhair)

Allah takes hold of the persons senses until they see His signs through them, they gain knowledge about the universe from their experiences other people who haven’t experienced this couldn’t, this is why Allah described the scribe of Sulaiman (as) in the Quran as “One who had knowledge of the scripture”, his knowledge was the prerequisite for the miracle He displayed which opened the way for him to achieve this ability, Allah states this prerequisite very clearly in the Quran elsewhere “Has he the knowledge of the unseen so that he can see?”(53:35), while for the Jinn it was his strength since Allah called him a Ifrit. The miracles of the prophets and saints occur as they will them to occur, this is what the phrase, “Were he to ask [something] of Me, I would surely give it to him” means and many ahadith indicate this.

In the following hadith we see the saintly person commanding something to occur and it does, it isn’t the result of an answered prayer before hand it occurs at the persons will and many ahadith reporting miracles are like this; Abu Hurayrah reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, “No human child has ever spoken in the cradle except for ‘Isa ibn Maryam, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the companion of Jurayj.” Abu Hurayrah asked, “Prophet of Allah, who was the companion of Jurayj?”

The Prophet replied, “Jurayj was a monk who lived in a hermitage. There was a shepherd who used to come to the foot of his hermitage and a woman from the village used to come to the shepherd. “One day his mother came while he was praying and called out, ‘Jurayj!’ He asked himself, ‘My mother or my prayer?’ He concluded that he should prefer the prayer. She shouted to him a second time and he again asked himself, ‘My mother or my prayer?’ He thought that he should prefer the prayer. She shouted a third time and yet again he asked himself, ‘My mother or my prayer?’ He again concluded that he should prefer the prayer. When he did not answer her, she said, ‘Jurayj, may Allah not let you die until you have looked at the faces of the evil women.’ Then she left.

“Then the village woman was brought before the king after she had given birth to a child. He asked, ‘Whose is it?’ ‘Jurayj’s,’ she replied. He asked, ‘The man in the hermitage?’ ‘Yes,’ she answered. He ordered, ‘Destroy his hermitage and bring him to me.’ They hacked at his hermitage with axes until it collapsed and was broken to pieces. They bound his hands to his neck with a rope and dragged him along to the king. When he passed by the evil women, he saw them and smiled. They were looking at him along with the people.

“The king asked, ‘Do you know what this woman claims?’ ‘What does she claim?’ he asked. He replied, ‘She claims that you are the father of her child.’ He asked her, ‘Where is the child?’ They replied, ‘It is in her room.’ He went to the child and said, ‘Who is your father?’ ‘The shepherd,’ he replied. The king said, ‘Shall we build your hermitage out of gold?’ ‘No,’ he replied. He asked, ‘Of silver?’ ‘No,’ he replied. The king asked, ‘What shall we build it with?’ He said, ‘Put it back the way you found it.’ Then the king asked, ‘What made you smile.’ ‘Something I recognized,’ he replied, ‘The curse of my mother overtook me.’ Then he told him about it.” (Imam Bukhari’s Adabul Mufrad)

Imam Ibn Arabi explains that Allah brings the three worlds—the spiritual (subatomic), imaginal (the water or nun or Barzakh in ahadith, the subatomic space closest to us), and corporeal (physical)—into existence within the Breath of the All-Merciful or non-delimited imagination, which (the particles), acting as an isthmus (a place) between the Light of Being and the darkness of nonexistence, manifests the properties of both sides, (literally the subatomic part of our universe is a barrier between us and the non existence beyond our universe, we think that beyond our universe is another place but if time doesn’t exist outside the universe then space can’t exist, and everything is simultaneous, it is non existence since particles can only exist in time). The macrocosm (physical universe) in turn has these three primordial states in it’s nature —Being, imagination, and nonexistence—in its three ontological levels (because the material part of our universe has a subatomic depth and beyond that is non existence): the spiritual world manifests the Light of Being, the corporeal world displays the darkness of nonexistence (it contains lifeless creations), and the imaginal world embraces the properties of both (because it is the subatomic space between us and the spiritual existence).

The fact that Allah is stoping this universe from going into non existence is affirmed in  the Quran; “Allah is the One who holds the heavens and the Earth (the universe), lest they cease to exist. And if they vanished no one could then keep hold of them. Certainly He is Most Forbearing, Ever-Forgiving.”(35:41)

The discontiguous Imagination (al-khayal al-munfasil) is the world of imagination that exists independently of the person, it is a specific part of the universe the subatomic space closest to us which Allah in the Quran calls the Barzakh. Just as discontiguous imagination is an isthmus (barzakh) between the spiritual and corporeal worlds, so non-delimited (Allah’s) imagination is the “Supreme Isthmus” (al-barzakh al-ala) or the “Isthmus of Isthmuses,” for “It possesses a face turned toward Being and a face turned toward nonexistence” (al Futuhat III), it is what is keeping everything from vanishing away.

Voila_Capture 2015-12-28_05-52-28_PM

Figure 1. The Universe as Non-delimited Imagination, “The Breath of the All-Merciful”

Figure 1 illustrates the above scheme: The circle represents non-delimited imagination, “everything other than Allah’s Essence.” Nonexistence outside the circle (the universe) describes the state of the things (al-ashya’) all entities (al-ayan) of the cosmos before Allah brings them into existence, the Angels and Jinn exist in the world of spirits because they are made from subatomic particles only, while mankind exists in the corporeal part of the universe because he is made from physical matter.

The prophet (saws) said “Then Allah will drive out (resurrect) the creation with one driving (resurrection), and they will be like they were the first time: whoever was inside of it (the universe) will be inside of it (this is mankind), and whoever was on it will be on it (this is the Angels and Jinn).”(Ibn Kathir)

Concerning the ontological role of both non-delimited (divine) and discontiguous imagination (the Barzakh), Imam Ibn al-Arabi likes to quote the Qur’anic verse, “Allah let forth the two seas that meet together, between them an isthmus (barzakh) they do not overpass” (55:20) to illustrate the Barzakh (isthmus) between the physical world and the subatomic world. He says “If it were not for the isthmus (barzakh between us the unseen world) the two seas would not become distinct” (Futuhat), these “two seas” are Being and nonexistence.

Referring to the dead who go from the corporeal world to the world of spirits Allah says “ behind them (meaning the place of the living they left), there is a barrier (Barzakh) which prevents them from going back [to this world], until the day when they are raised” (23:100, Tafsir al Jalalayn).

As for contiguous imagination (of man), it reflects discontiguous imagination (the barzakh) at the level of the microcosm (subatomic) As was pointed out, the clearest access man has to contiguous imagination is through his dreams And since dreams are the imagination of the microcosm (subatomic), it is not surprising to find Imam Ibn al-Arabi calling the universe—non-delimited imagination—the dream of Allah.

Imam Ibn Arabi says: In reality, in respect of Allah’s Name the Inward (al Batin), the forms of the universe are related to Him like the forms of a dream to a dreamer, The “interpretation” (tabir) of His dream is that these forms (the things created) are His states (ahwal), so they are not other than He (in this respect), just as the forms of a dream are the states of the dreamer, nothing else—he sees only himself (al Futuhat II), who he is through what he created in the dream.

Allah’s Non-delimited imagination is infinitely vast, for it is the cosmos itself, everything “other than Allah” “It is the vastest of engendered (created and given form) beings, the most perfect of existents” (al Futuhat II) Even at the delimited level (the boundaries of existence), that is in its discontiguous and contiguous forms.

Imagination can encompass all things in a certain manner, pointing to the skeptical views of rational thinkers when presented with a description of imagination’s qualities, Imam Ibn al-Arabi states that even their ability to “suppose the impossible” (fard al-muhal) for the sake of an argument depends upon imagination. “If the impossible did not receive existence at some level or another, it could not be supposed” (al Futuhat II).

Because imagination is the moulding of matter to it’s will and has substance in this way Imam Ibn Arabi says: Nothing is vaster [than imagination], since, in its very reality, it governs all things and non-things (a person can imagine everything in existence and everything that isn’t in existence or real). It gives form to sheer nonexistence, to the impossible, to Necessity, and to possibility. It makes existence nonexistent and nonexistence existent. (Al Futuhat I).

Having already heard that imagination is characteristically “neither this nor that,” we should not now be surprised to be told that imagination is not only infinitely vast, it is also exceedingly narrow.

Imam Ibn al Arabi says: For imagination is not able to receive anything except as a form, whether it be something pertaining to the sensory or spiritual levels, or a relation, or an attribution, or Allah’s Majesty, or His Essence. Were imagination to attempt to perceive something without a form, its own reality would not allow it to do so. . . . It cannot in any way disengage meanings from material substrata (the meaning of something, it’s worth, can exist without form, the form given to it in the dream is meant to represents it’s value, but it’s value will always exist even if it isn’t given form). . . . Hence imagination is the vastest thing that can be known; yet, in spite of this amplitude, which allows it to be exercised over all things, it is unable to receive meanings as they are in themselves, disengaged from material substrata (it can’t understand things unless it’s value is given form, because the worth of something is truly invisible to man and only known to Allah who uses the universe and life to inform His creatures of it). Hence [and here Imam Ibn al-Arabi refers to a series of ahadith about the prophets dreams] it perceives knowledge in the form of milk, honey, wine, or a pearl; it sees Islam as a dome or a pillar; it sees the Qur’an in the form of butter and honey; it sees a debt in the form of a fetter; it sees Allah in the form of a human being or a light. Thus it is vast and narrow, while Allah Himself is only vast. (Al Futuhat I)

This is the relationship between the universe, man and Allah, man’s connection to it is through the subatomic particles he moulds in his dreams and shapes with his imagination, this is the ghayb Allah often mentions in the Quran and the underlaying knowledge required to unlock it’s meanings.

وَلِلَّهِ الْمَثَلُ الْأَعْلَىٰ

“To Allah belong the Highest Similitude”(16:60)

أَعِندَهُ ۥ عِلۡمُ ٱلۡغَيۡبِ فَهُوَ يَرَىٰٓ

ذَٲلِكَ عَـٰلِمُ ٱلۡغَيۡبِ وَٱلشَّهَـٰدَةِ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ

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